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رياضيات اعمال شابتر 3
رياضيات اعمال شابتر 3
رياضيات اعمال شابتر 3
1 Decimals and
the Place Value System
Round decimals
Business Math, Eighth Edition © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Cleaves/Hobbs 07458 All Rights Reserved
3.1.1 Read and Write
Decimals
Our money system, based on the dollar,
uses the decimal system.
Business Math, Eighth Edition © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Cleaves/Hobbs 07458 All Rights Reserved
How much is 0.1?
It is one part of a 10-
part whole.
If this chart
represented a dollar,
the white segment
would be equal to
$0.10.
Business Math, Eighth Edition © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Cleaves/Hobbs 07458 All Rights Reserved
The decimal point
Business Math, Eighth Edition © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Cleaves/Hobbs 07458 All Rights Reserved
Place value names
The first place to the right of the decimal
point is tenths. (0.1)
Second place is hundredths. (0.01)
Third place is thousandths. (0.001)
Fourth place is ten-thousandths. (0.0001)
and so on.
Business Math, Eighth Edition © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Cleaves/Hobbs 07458 All Rights Reserved
How to read or write a decimal
4.15 Four and fifteen hundredths
9.067Nine and sixty-seven thousandths.
5.5 Five and five tenths.
Business Math, Eighth Edition © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Cleaves/Hobbs 07458 All Rights Reserved
Reading decimals as
money amounts
Business Math, Eighth Edition © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Cleaves/Hobbs 07458 All Rights Reserved
3.1.2 Round to a Specific
Decimal Place
Business Math, Eighth Edition © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Cleaves/Hobbs 07458 All Rights Reserved
Try these examples
Business Math, Eighth Edition © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Cleaves/Hobbs 07458 All Rights Reserved
3.2 Operations with Decimals
Add and subtract decimals
Multiply decimals
Divide decimals
4.685 + 6.8 = ?
Business Math, Eighth Edition © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Cleaves/Hobbs 07458 All Rights Reserved
Add and subtract decimals
Write the numbers in a vertical column, aligning
digits according to their places.
Attach extra zeros to the right end of each
number so each number has the same quantity
of digits.
Add or subtract as though the numbers are
whole numbers.
Place the decimal point in the sum or difference
to align with the decimal point in the respective
operation.
Business Math, Eighth Edition © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Cleaves/Hobbs 07458 All Rights Reserved
Be orderly to avoid mistakes
3. 4 7
- . 2 9
3. 1 8
Business Math, Eighth Edition © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Cleaves/Hobbs 07458 All Rights Reserved
Add zeros where necessary
.7 8 0
- .0 9 2
= .6 8 8
Business Math, Eighth Edition © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Cleaves/Hobbs 07458 All Rights Reserved
Try these examples.
(Without using your calculator)
10.008 – 7.6 =
2.408
.976 - .04217 =
.93383
Business Math, Eighth Edition © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Cleaves/Hobbs 07458 All Rights Reserved
3.2.2 Multiply Decimals
Multiply the decimal numbers as though they are
whole numbers.
Count the digits in the decimal parts of both
decimal numbers.
Place the decimal point in the product so that
there are as many digits in its decimal part as
there are digits you counted in the previous step.
If necessary, attach zeros to the left end of the
product to place the decimal point accurately.
Business Math, Eighth Edition © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Cleaves/Hobbs 07458 All Rights Reserved
Look at this example.
3.45 x 4.082 =
How many places are there to the right of the
decimal point?
Five; so, the answer will have five places to the
right of the decimal.
The answer is 14.08290
The last zero can be dropped and the answer
would be 14.0829.
Business Math, Eighth Edition © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Cleaves/Hobbs 07458 All Rights Reserved
Try these examples
(Without using your calculator)
1.7 x .08 =
0.136
4.67 x 5.004 =
23.36868
.01 x 1.001=
0.01001
Business Math, Eighth Edition © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Cleaves/Hobbs 07458 All Rights Reserved
3.2.3 Divide Decimals
8.4 divided by 3 = ?
Business Math, Eighth Edition © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Cleaves/Hobbs 07458 All Rights Reserved
Try these examples
(Without using your calculator)
12.4 ÷ 6 =
2.06 (repeating)
36.5 ÷ 2 =
18.25
192.45 ÷ 50 =
3.849
Business Math, Eighth Edition © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Cleaves/Hobbs 07458 All Rights Reserved
Try this word problem
Business Math, Eighth Edition © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Cleaves/Hobbs 07458 All Rights Reserved
Divide by a decimal
Change the divisor to a whole number by
moving the decimal point to the right, counting
the places as you go.
Use a caret ( ^ ) to show the new position of the
decimal point.
Move the decimal point in the dividend to the
right as many places as you moved the divisor.
Place the decimal point for the quotient directly
above the new decimal point for the dividend.
Divide as you would divide a whole number.
Business Math, Eighth Edition © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Cleaves/Hobbs 07458 All Rights Reserved
Try these examples
Without using your calculator)
12.3 ÷ .06 =
205
15 ÷ .004 =
3,750
20.765 ÷ .08 =
259.5625
Business Math, Eighth Edition © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Cleaves/Hobbs 07458 All Rights Reserved
Try these word problems
Seth Parker has an hourly rate of $12.27
and his gross weekly pay was $441.72.
How many hours did he work?
36 hours
Business Math, Eighth Edition © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Cleaves/Hobbs 07458 All Rights Reserved
3.3 Decimal and Fraction
Conversions
1/2 = 50%
25% = 1/4
Business Math, Eighth Edition © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Cleaves/Hobbs 07458 All Rights Reserved
Convert a decimal to a fraction
Find the denominator: write 1 followed by
as many zeros as there are places to the
right of the decimal point.
Find the numerator: use the digits without
the decimal point.
Reduce to lowest terms and/or write as a
whole or mixed number.
Business Math, Eighth Edition © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Cleaves/Hobbs 07458 All Rights Reserved
Here’s an example
Write 0.8 as a fraction
“8” becomes the numerator.
There is one place to the right of the decimal
point: 1 + 0 = 10.
“10” becomes the denominator.
0.8 = 8/10
Reduce to lowest terms.
4/5
Business Math, Eighth Edition © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Cleaves/Hobbs 07458 All Rights Reserved
Try these examples
Business Math, Eighth Edition © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Cleaves/Hobbs 07458 All Rights Reserved
Convert a fraction to a decimal
Write the numerator as a dividend and the
denominator as the divisor.
Divide the numerator by the denominator, taking
the division out as many decimal places as
necessary or desirable.
Note: In some cases, a repeating decimal will
be the quotient of the operation. You may
indicate that it is a repeating decimal or round
as needed.
Business Math, Eighth Edition © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Cleaves/Hobbs 07458 All Rights Reserved
Here’s an example
Write ⅞ as a decimal.
Business Math, Eighth Edition © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Cleaves/Hobbs 07458 All Rights Reserved
Try these examples
Convert ½ to a decimal.
0.5
Convert ⅜ to a decimal.
0.375
Convert ⅔ to a decimal.
0.6666(repeating) or 0.67
Business Math, Eighth Edition © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Cleaves/Hobbs 07458 All Rights Reserved