MATHEMATICS DEPARTMENT

DPS SHARJAH
?What Are Magic Squares
There is no 2x2 magic square

A B

C D
 The History of Magic Squares
Historically, the first magic square was supposed to have been
marked on the back of a divine tortoise before Emperor Yu (about
2200 B.C) when he was standing on the bank of the Yellow River.
lo-shu The 4 elements evenly balanced

Fire
2 7 6

Water

9 5 1

Metal
Wood
4 3 8
Even (feminine) numbers or yin.
Odd (masculine) numbers or yang. With the Earth at the centre.
2008
‫يقول جابر ب ن حيان ان الطبائ ع االربع ة توج د ف ي ك ل فل ز‬
‫كالذه ب وه و االكم ل‪ ,‬حس ب متس لسلة ‪ 1:3:5:8‬ومجموعه ا‬
‫‪ 17‬وهي المفتاح في ادراك بنية العالم‪.‬‬
‫ان االعداد ‪ 17‬و‪ 28‬مرتبط ة ارتباط ا وثيق ا بالجدول الس حري‬
‫ذي ال بيوت التس عة فاذا جمع ت االرقام عك س حرك ة عقرب‬
‫الساعة اعطتنا ‪ 28‬ثم ‪ 17‬تباعا‪.‬‬
‫الجدول السحري هذا يرتبط بالسلم الموسيقي الفيثاغوري والفن‬
‫المعماري البابل ي القدي م والمين ج – تان ج الص ينية مم ا يشي ر‬
‫لالتصاالت المبكرة بالتقاليد الصينية في هذا المجال‪.‬‬
 ‫مربع جابر بن حيان‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫رطب‬ ‫بارد‬

‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫حار‬
‫جاف‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
In the Middle Ages magic squares were believed to give
protection against the plague!
In the 16th Century, the Italian mathematician, Cardan,
made an extensive study of the properties of magic squares
and in the following century they were extensively studied
by several leading Japanese mathematicians.
During this century they have been used as amulets in
India, as well as been found in oriental fortune bowls and
medicine cups.
Even today they are widespread in Tibet, (appearing in the
“Wheel of Life) and in other countries such as Malaysia,
that have close connections with China and India.
 Magic Squares
A 3 x 3 magic Square

Put the numbers 1 to 9 into the square so that all rows,

columns and diagonals add to the magic number.

2 6 7 2 3
1 4
1 5 9 8
7 6 5
8 3 4
9
15
 3 x 3 Magic Square

6 7 2 2 7 6 8 3 4 6 1 8
1 5 9 9 5 1 1 5 9 7 5 3
8 3 4 4 3 8 6 7 2 2 9 4

Which one of these did you get? Why are they all the same as the first?

4 9 2 8 1 6 4 3 8 2 9 4

3 5 7 3 5 7 9 5 1 7 5 3

8 1 6 4 9 2 2 7 6 6 1 8
4 Reflections 3 Rotations
The operations via Magic Squares
• MS + a=MS
• MS * a = MS
• (MS*a)+b =MS
• (MS+a)*b =MS
?How many magic squares are there

The nxn magic square Available number

1x1 1
2x2 0
3x3 1
4x4 880
5x5 275 305 224
6x6 1.775399 *10^19
7x7 3.79809*10^34
8x8 5.2225*10^54
9x9 7.8448*10^79
10x10 2.4149*10^110
Geometric Types of magic squares
Magic rectangle,

Magic cube,
Magic circle

Magic triangle,
Magic star

Magic hexagon
Different Types of magic squares
Hetero square
Anti-magic square
Semi-magic square
PanMagic (Pandiagonal magic) square
Compact magic square
Complete magic square
Most perfect magic square
Associative (Regular, Symmetric) magic square
Ultra magic square
Alpha Magic square
 Different Types of magic squares
Magic square of polygonal numbers (Triangular,Square,
Pentagonal, . . . )
Magic square of primes and prime squares
Multi magic square (Bi magic, Tri magic, . . . )
Multiplication magic square
Addition multiplication (Add-mult) magic square
Distributive magic square
Reversible magic square
Palindrome magic square
Domino magic square
The magic squares useage
Number theory,
Matrix theory
Graph theory
Matrix models of lie algebras
Cipher
Sudoku
Puzzels
Music nota
The magic squares useage
Physical applications as:
From coupled oscillators
Electric quadrupoles
center of mass
Create System of particles and springs
Oscillatory motion of atoms
water retention on square systems
Thank all of You