• Linkage - rate of cosegregation of two 

alleles
appearing on the same chromosome is inversely
proportional to the distance between the alleles
– i.e. genes that are physically close on a chromosome will
be inherited together more often
– genes that are physically far apart will be inherited
together less often
• Linkage group - set of genes at different loci on the
same chromosome that tend to act as a single set of
genes in meiosis rather than undergoing
independent assortment
– an exception is if crossing over occurs
• Linkage analysis - using a pedigree to determine the location
of an allele based on the rate of cosegregation with other
alleles of known location
– can be used to track disease-causing mutation
• Linkage disequilibrium - when alleles occur together more
often than can be accounted for by chance
– indication that 2 alleles are physically close together
• parental gamete
– the portion of chromosome looks the same as that of one of the
parents
– no recombination 
• nonparental gamete
– homologous recombination has occurred in the region of interest 
• centi-Morgan (cM):
– a unit used to measure genetic linkage
– a length of DNA over which the frequency of homologous
recombination is 1%
• 1% chance that a marker on a chromosome will become
separated from a second marker on the same chromosome due
to crossing over
• two loci that are 1 centimorgan apart will experience
recombination between these two loci in 1% of meiosis.