t-test

Definition of t-test

• A t-test is a type of inferential statistic used to determine if there

is a significant difference between the means of two groups,
which may be related in certain features. It is mostly used when
the data sets, like the data set recorded as the outcome from
flipping a coin 100 times, would follow a normal distribution and
may have unknown variances. A t-test is used as a hypothesis
testing tool, which allows testing of an assumption applicable to
a population.
 EXPLANATION

• A t-test is a type of inferential statistic used to determine if there

is a significant difference between the means of two groups,
which may be related in certain features. It is mostly used when
the data sets, like the data set recorded as the outcome from
flipping a coin 100 times, would follow a normal distribution and
may have unknown variances. A t-test is used as a hypothesis
testing tool, which allows testing of an assumption applicable to
a population.
 APPLICATION

• To compare the mean of a sample with the population mean.

• To compare the mean of one sample with the mean of another
independent sample.
• To compare between the values (readings) of one sample but in 2
occasions.
• To determine the confidence interval for a sample mean in an
application.
 IMPORTANCE-

• The t-test is used to determine if there is a significant difference between

the means of two groups
• The t-test is used for hypothesis testing to determine whether a process has
an effect on both samples or if the groups are different from each other.
• Basically, the t-test allows the comparison of the mean of two sets of data
and the determination if the two sets are derived from the same population.
• t-test formulas are used to calculate values that are then compared with
standard values.
 Real Life Application Of t-test

• The t-test are used in many fields and are particularly prominent
in social and medical research.
 • You can manually calculate a t-test
using the formula
Steps in
1. SD=
calculation of
t-test(raw scores 2. SED = SD
are given)
3. t-value =
 Formula key

∑ = Sum total
12 = 1 x 1 (1 is Deviation which means X1 - M1)
22 = 2 x 2 (2 is Deviation which means X2 – M2)
X1 = scores of first Group and X2 = scores of second Group
M1 = Mean value of first Group and M2 = Mean value of second Group
NT = N1 + N2 (N1 = Number of observations or scores in Group 1 and
N2 = Number of observations or scores in Group 2)
SD = Standard Deviation
SED = Standard Error of difference
t-test Steps (when raw scores are given)
 • You can manually calculate a t-test
using the formula
• SD=

Steps in 1. SED = SD
calculation of
t-test(all values 2. t-value =
are given)