HARAMAYA UNIVERSITY

HARAMAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND URBAN ENGINEERING

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION (CUEg-2064)

3 BUILDING DRAWINGS
January 2013
Floor plan drawings (cont…)

CONTENTS
20  Introduction
 Drawing for building construction

 Working drawings

 Hatching, symbols
 Construction drawings are prepared so that designers can
communicate their requirements to the contractor in a clear,
clear concise
and unambiguous manner.
 They are also used:
 to prepare bill of quantities
 as part of contract document
 Building construction drawings:
 Shouldn’t be unnecessarily congested or complicated.
 Clarity is most important.
 Written descriptions should be as brief as possible.
 Should be consistent with completeness.
 Should be well dimensioned and should be drawn to scale.
 The lettering used should be clear.

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Most of the drafting skills and techniques used in civil engineering and
architectural work involve:

 Line techniques (using different line weights for different areas of the
drawing.)
 Various templates (to show different components with in the room.)
 Lettering practices (for writing title of the drawing ,to indicate the kind and
owner of the project)
 Time saving devices (using T-square, protractor, and other drawing
equipment and
 Dimensioning practices (Giving horizontal and vertical dimension.

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 Construction drawings can be prepared:
 By hand assisted by various templates or
 Computer software programs ( Ex. AutoCAD)

 The use of computer programs in building drawing:

 Enables users to produce any type of drawings quickly,
quickly precisely,
precisely
and efficiently
 Enables editing,
editing adding or deleting texts to drawings
 Enables printing to required sizes and color
 It can easily be communicated via networks and e-mails and
integrated with other programs
 Enables to reduce contract time and eases communication between
parties in construction.
 Minimizes the need for storage space.

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Drawing Equipment
 In order to produce construction drawings manually, items like

drawing board, drawing paper, drawing pencil, ruler, ink, eraser,

various time saving devices such as templates, protractor, t-square,
setsquares, etc. are required.

T-square
French curves
Drawing board Set squares

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Drawing for building construction shall include:

 Location Map
 Site plan
 Sketch drawings
 Working drawings
 Detailed drawings
 Construction drawings and
 Installation drawings

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Location Map: A map showing the surrounding of the site in
reference to known elements in a country, region, a town to make
the location identifiable.
-It should not take the entire part of the paper.
-The scale can be 1:200, 1:500, 1:1000, 1:2000, and 1:5000.
SITE PLAN
 A site plan is a drawing showing various properties in terms of their

owners, locations, elevations, states of development and features

such as roads, utility supply lines, etc.
 Shows top view of the site.
 Shows entire boundary /property with dimensions of boundary.
 Shows location of existing structures and proposed structures with
dimensions and distance from the property line.
 Shows names of bordering streets.
 Shows location of existing alleys (narrow roads)
 Shows location of drives, parking and Land scaping.
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 A site plan also shows utility supply lines such as for water,
electricity and gas.

 The scales used in drawing a site plan are:

 For small sites: Scales of 1:100, 1:200
 For large sites: Scales of 1:500, 1:1000, 1:2500

 Northing should be clearly indicated on the site plan.

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SITE PLAN (cont…)

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SITE PLAN (cont…)

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Site plan
Sketch drawings
 Sketch drawings are preliminary drawings prepared for showing the

general arrangements of buildings.

 They are often drawn free hand in pencils.

 They comprise plans of the most important storey, one or more

elevations and a cross-section of the building.

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Working drawings
 After free hand drawing, working drawing are prepared in greater

detail with all dimensions given to avoid the need for taking
measurements from scale.
 The materials to be used for the various parts of the building should

be indicated in different symbols.

 They are the most important components of building drawings

since they provide detail information on the internal as well as the

external view of a building.
 They are usually prepared using a scale of 1:50.

The working drawing includes:

1. Floor plan
2. Foundation plan
3. Roof plan
4. Elevation
5. Section.

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Floor plan drawings
 The floor plan is a drawing of the outline and partitions of a

building that would be seen when the building was cut horizontally
about 1.2m above the floor level.
 It provides more specific information about the design of the

building.
 It is used as the base for the projection of other drawings.

 The major steps in floor plan drawings preparation are:

 Laying center line of walls,

 Marking window and door openings,
 Marking wall thickness,
 Locating furniture positions,
 Indicating material type,
 Adding measurements and other details.

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2.Foundation plan: It is the plan prepared by cutting horizontally at which
the level lower than the ground or grade beam.
-It shows the underground supporting element of the building.
 Lay out of foundation walls and concrete slabs, with dimensions.
 Size, direction and spacing of beams. 

3. Roof plan: means of describing roof structures and roof elements.

It shows the structure of the roof when it looks from the sky.

Figure: Gable Roof Figure: Hip Roof 15

For each floor plan, the following should be indicated

 Size and arrangement of rooms and partition with rooms and space labeled.
 Door size and type, Window size and type and direction of door swing.
 Total sq. m of living space for each floor plan and total sq.m for guarage.
 Dimensions and Details.

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Floor plan drawings (cont…)

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Floor plan drawings (cont…)

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Elevation drawings
 Elevation drawings are orthographic drawings of the exterior of a

building.
 They are prepared to show the design materials, dimensions, and

final appearance of the exterior of a building.

 Elevation drawings are projected from the floor plan of an

architectural drawing.
 The major steps in projecting elevations are:

 Projecting vertical lines

 Projecting horizontal lines
 Locating roof lines
 Adding elevation symbols
 Providing elevation dimensions
 Description of material used and finishing type

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Elevation drawings

 If the floor plan has four sides, so the elevations are

a. Front Elevation.
b. Rear Elevation.
c. Right side Elevation.
d. Left side Elevation and if a floor plan has more than four sides, an
auxiliary view elevation is often necessary.

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Elevation drawings (cont…)

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Elevation drawings (cont…)

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Elevation drawings (cont…)

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Elevation drawings (cont…)

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Sectional drawings
 Sectional drawings reveal the internal construction of an object.

 Architectural section drawings are prepared

 For the entire structure (full sections) or

 For a specific part(s) of a building (detail sections)
 A section should be cut at a position and direction where to show

important elements of the building (internal building).

 The section should includes
 vertical circulation, level difference, doors and windows, thickness

of walls and floors,

 details of foundations, and other important details of height and

materials are visible.

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Sectional drawings (cont…)

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Figure Typical roof to foundation detail 27
Detailed drawings
 They are prepared to the extent necessary and depending on the

complexity of the building.

 They can be prepared to a scale of 1:1, 1:5, 1:10, or 1:20.

 They usually show specific details, such as in stair cases, gutter to

down pipe connections, wall to foundation connection, metal and

wood joineries, etc.

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Detailed drawings (cont...)

Figure Foundation Detail

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Construction drawings
 They are prepared mainly for the foundation work, for construction

in steel, concrete, roofing and wood works.

 They provide important information for the resident engineer and

foremen in the execution of their day-to-day activities.

Installation drawings
 Installation drawings comprise of drawings for water and drainage

pipes, electrical installation as well as mechanical installation.

 For residential building a scale of 1:50 is normally preferred.

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31
First floor sanitary installation

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Hatchings
 The main objective is to differentiate between the materials being

used thus enabling rapid recognition and location.

 They must be used consistently throughout the whole set of

drawings.
 In large areas, it is not always necessary to hatch the whole area.

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Symbols
 These are graphical representations and should wherever possible

be drawn to scale
 They must be consistent for the whole set of drawings and clearly

drawn.

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THANK YOU!

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