Advance Electrical Machines

B.Sc. Electrical Engineering

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Learning Objectives

• 3-Phase Supply Connections

• Features of Star (Y) Connection

• Features of Delta (Δ)

Connection

• Power of Y & Δ Connection

• Power Triangle of 3-Phase Load

• Numerical Problems 2
3-Phase Supply Connections
• Two ends of each phase R1-R2, Y1-Y2 & B1-
are available to each load. B2
• Six wires used to supply
load make
system
uneconomical.
• Reduce wires by
connecting them in
Star or Delta
fashion. 3
Star (Y)
Connection

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Y-
Connection
• Similar ends (R2, Y2 & B2) are joined together to form
neutral or star point.
• With neutral taken out side, system will be 3-
phase, 4-wire system.
• The line and phase voltage is given
as, VL = √3 VP
V P = V L / √3
• Line & phase currents are equal, IL =
IP
• Line voltages are 120 degree apart.
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• Line are 30 degree ahead of the
voltages
respective phase voltages.
• Potential at star point is zero.
V NR + V NY + VNB = 0
• Sum of all currents at neutral point is zero.
I R+ I Y+ I B= 0
• As phase voltage is less, so less number of turns
is required and hence less quantity of insulation
is required.
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• As phase currents and line currents are equal,
so due to high currents, the windings must
have large cross-section area.

• Three phase real power of star connection is,

P = √3 V2,L I2,L Cos Φ
Voltage (VL): Voltage between two live lines
Phase Voltage (VP): Voltage between
live line and the neutral

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Line & Phase Voltages

Y- Δ-Connection
Connection
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Prove that the sum of all currents at neutral point
in star connection is zero.

For 3-phase balanced system,

I R = I MAX Sin Ф
I Y = I MAX Sin (Ф – 120)
I B = I MAX Sin (Ф – 240)
I R + I Y + I B = I MAX [Sin
Ф + Sin (Ф – 120)
+
Sin
(Ф
–
240
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Delta (∆)
Connection

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Delta (∆) Connection
• Dissimilar ends (R2-Y1, Y2-B1 & B2-R1) of all
the three windings are joined together.
• Δ connection is called 3-phase, 3-wire system.
• VP = V L
• IL = √3 IP
• Phase currents are 120 degree apart.
• Line currents are 30 degree ahead
of respective phase currents.
• As phase current is less [IP = IL/√3], so cross-
section of the windings is less.
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• It is not suitable for 3-phase, 4-wire system.

• Circulating current can not be avoided.

• Resultant voltage in the closed circuit is zero.

VRY + VYB + VBR = 0

• 3-phase real power of delta connection is,

P = √3 V2L I2L Cos Φ

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Prove that the resultant voltage will be zero in the
closed circuit of delta connection.
V R = V MAX Sin Ф
V Y = V MAX Sin (Ф – 120)
V B = V MAX Sin (Ф – 240)
V R+ V Y + V [Sin Ф + Sin (Ф – 120)
B = VMAX + Sin (Ф – 240)]

= V MAX [Sin Ф + Sin Ф Cos 120

– Cos Ф Sin 120
+Sin Ф Cos 240
–Cos Ф Sin 240]
= zero

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Prove that

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Phasor Diagram of Star & Lagging P.F.
Load

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Symmetrical System
A 3-phase system in which:
• Voltages of all three phases are equal
in magnitude
• Frequency of all three voltages is same
• All voltages are displaced from each other
by 120 degree.
Phase Sequence
• Sequence (order) in which voltages in 3-phases
reach their maximum positive values
• Generally, phase sequence is R-Y-B
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Power in Star (Y)
Connection

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Power in Delta (Δ)
Connection

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Power Triangle for 3-Phase
Load

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Prove
That

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Phasor diagram to obtain line current
IR

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Prove that a three phase balanced load draws
three times as much power when connected in
delta, as it would draw when connected in star

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Problem-
1

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Problem-
2

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