CCNA Semester 3 Chapter 08 VLAN TRUNKING PROTOCOL

Table of Content
1 VTP 2 Inter-VLAN routing overview 3 VLAN troubleshooting

VTP

VTP concepts

The role of VTP is to maintain VLAN configuration consistency across a common network administration domain. VTP is a messaging protocol that uses Layer 2 trunk frames to manage the addition, deletion, and renaming of VLANs on a single domain.

VTP Protocol Features

A messaging system that advertises VLAN configuration information Maintains VLAN configuration consistency throughout a common administrative domain Sends advertisements on trunk ports only

VTP Modes
Creates VLANs Modifies VLANs Deletes VLANs Sends/forwards advertisements Synchronizes Saved in NVRAM Creates VLANs Forwards advertisements Synchronizes Not saved in NVRAM Modifies VLANs Deletes VLANs Forwards advertisements Does not synchronize Saved in NVRAM
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VTP Operation
VTP advertisements are sent as multicast frames. VTP servers and clients are synchronized to the latest revision number. VTP advertisements are sent every 5 minutes or when there is a change.

VTP Pruning
Increases available bandwidth by reducing unnecessary flooded traffic Example: Station A sends broadcast, and broadcast is flooded only toward any switch with ports assigned to the red VLAN

Three types of VTP messages

Summary advertisements Advertisement requests Subset advertisements

Summary advertisements
Summary Advertisement 1 2 3 Followers 4 MgmtD len Version Code

Management domain name (zero-padded to 32bytes) Configuration revision number Updater identify Update timestamp (12 bytes) MD5 digest (16 bytes)
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Advertisement request

Advertisement Request 1 Version 2 Code 3 Rsvd 4 MgmtD len

Management domain name (zero-padded to 32bytes) Start value

Subset advertisement
Subset Advertisement 1 2 3 Seq-Num 4 MgmtD len Version Code

Management domain name (zero-padded to 32bytes) Configuration revision number Vlan-info field 1 : Vlan-info field N
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Vlan-info field N format

Info length Status ISL VLAN-id 802.10 index

Vlan-typeVlan-name len MTU size

Vlan-name (padded with 0s to multiples of 4 bytes)

VTP Configuration Guidelines

VTP domain name VTP mode (server/client/transparent) VTP server mode is the default VTP pruning VTP password VTP trap
Use caution when adding a new switch to an existing domain. Add a new switch in client mode to prevent the new switch from propagating incorrect VLAN information. Use the delete vtp command to reset the VTP revision number.
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VTP configuration

Switch# vlan database Switch(vlan)# vtp v2-mode Switch(vlan)# vtp domain cisco Switch(vlan)# vtp client/server/transparent Switch# show vtp status Switch# show vtp counters

Creating a VTP Domain

Catalyst 1900
wg_sw_1900(config)#vtp [server | transparent | client] [domain domain-name] [trap {enable | disable}] [password password] [pruning {enable | disable}]
wg_sw_1900#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. wg_sw_1900(config)#vtp transparent wg_sw_1900(config)#vtp domain switchlab

End with CNTL/Z

Catalyst 2950
wg_sw_2950#vlan database wg_sw_2950(vlan)#vtp [ server | client | transparent ] wg_sw_2950(vlan)#vtp domain domain-name wg_sw_2950(vlan)#vtp password password wg_sw_2950(vlan)#vtp pruning wg_sw_2950(vlan)#snmp-server enable traps vtp wg_sw_2950(vlan)#exit
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VTP Configuration Example

wg_sw_1900(config)#vtp transparent wg_sw_1900(config)#vtp domain switchlab pruning enable wg_sw_1900(config)#exit wg_sw_1900#show vtp
VTP version: 1 Configuration revision: 4 Maximum VLANs supported locally: 1005 Number of existing VLANs: 6 VTP domain name : switchlab VTP password : VTP operating mode : Transparent VTP pruning mode : Enabled VTP traps generation : Enabled Configuration last modified by: 0.0.0.0 at 00-00-0000 00:00:00 wg_sw_1900#config terminal wg_sw_1900(config)#interface f0/26 wg_sw_1900(config-if)#trunk on desirable wg_sw_1900(config-if)#exit wg_sw_1900(config)#exit wg_sw_1900#show trunk A DISL state: On, Trunking: On, Encapsulation type: ISL

INTER-VLAN ROUTING OVERVIEW

VLAN-to-VLAN Overview

Network layer devices combine multiple broadcast domains.

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Physical and logical interfaces

Configuring inter-VLAN routing

Router(config)# interface fastethernet port-number. Subinterfacenumber Router(config-if)#encapsulation dot1q/isl vlannumber Router(config-if)#ip address x.x.x.x y.y.y.y

Routing Between VLANs with ISL Trunks

Routing Between VLANs with 802.1Q Trunks

TROUBLESHOOTING VLAN

VLAN troubleshooting process

LEDs (or network manageme nt equivalent) O.K ? Switch configuratio n OK? Physical link connection OK?

Fix any problem with switch hardware

Fix any problem with configuration statements

Check with CDP, fix any cabling problems

Vlan configuratio n OK?

L2 path between switchs OK?

Fix any VLAN, spanning tree or intermediate router problems

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Fix any switch trunking or ISL configuration problems

Preventing broadcast storms

Setting threshold values to high or low discards excessive broadcast, multicast, or unicast MAC traffic. Minimize the STP processes occurring between devices.

Troubleshooting VLANs

Show vlan Show spanning-tree Show sw-vlan Debug sw-vlan packet

Scenario 1: A trunk link cannot be established between a switch and a router 1. Make sure that the port is connected and not receiving any physical-layer, alignment or frame-check-sequence (FCS) errors. 2. Verify that the duplex and speed are set properly between the switch and the router. 3. Configure the physical router interface with one subinterface for each VLAN that will route traffic. 4. Confirm that the router is running an IOS release that supports trunking.
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Scenario 2: VTP is not correctly propagating VLAN configuration changes 1. Make sure the switches are connected through trunk links. 2. Make sure the VTP domain name is the same on all switches that need to communicate with each other. 3. Check the VTP mode of the switch. 4. If using VTP passwords, the same password must be configured on all switches in the VTP domain.
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Scenario 3: Dropped packets and loops

Summary

Definition of VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) Configuring inter-VLAN routing using subinterfaces on a router port

Q&A