LESSON 2

ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
Unscramble each of the clue words.

1. TEIGACMN LUFX
2. ECGIANTM DELFI
3. DEUSOPLEAKR
4. CETILCER TORMO
5. HDRA CSDIS
What is Electromagnetic Induction?

 Electromagnetic induction refers to the generation of an

electric current by passing a metal wire through a
magnetic field.
 Electromagnetic is the production of an electromotive
force across an electrical conductor in a changing
magnetic field .
 When an induced current is produced because of
volatage production (E.M.F) due to a changing magnetic
field , called electromagnetic induction
PRINCIPLES OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION

Faraday's Experiment
 Michael Faraday showed that electricity can be obtianed
from magnetism
The current produced in this way is called an induced
current
The process by which the current is obtained is called
electromagnetic induction
To Demonstrate Electromagnetic Induction
The North Pole of the magnet is moved into the coil of
the wire
 When a magnet is
plunged into the coil,
the galvanometer
pointer gave a
momentary
deflection
The North pole of the magnet is moved out of the coil of the
wire

 Moving out the

magnet out form the
coil, the
galvanometer gave
another deflection
The magnet is held stationary inside the coil of the wire

 No current was
induced if the
magnet was
allowed to
remain at rest
inside or outside
the coil .
• Whenever ther was a relative movement
between magnet and coil, there was induce
current.

• The current was induced in the circuit as a result

of the wire being cut by magnetic flux lines when
either the magnet or coil moved.

• An electromotive force is induced whenever

there is a changing magnetic flux in a circuit.
Factors affecting the magnitude of the induced E.M.F

 Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction states that the

magnitude of the induced e.m.f is proportional to hte rate
of change of the magnetic flux linked with the circuit or
rate at which the magnetic flux are cut.
 Faraday also found that the magnitude of the induced
current increases when
 The magnet is moved at a faster speed in and out of the coil.
 A stronger magnet is used.
 The number of turns in the coil is increased
 Direction of the Induced E.m.f

 Lenz's law of electromagnetic induction states that the

induced current is always in a direction to oppose the
change producing it.
 By Lenz's Law
and the Right-
Hand Grip Rule
trace the
direction of
current through
the load resistor
APPLICATION OF MAGNETIC FIELD FORCE
 Loudspeaker
 a very common equipment that
comes in different sizes
 speakers work using gthe
principle of electromagnetic
induction to produce sound
waves
 a speaker works throught the
interplay of these three major
components.
 Basic components of the speaker
 cone
 electromagnet
 permanent magnet
 APPLICATION OF MAGNETIC FIELD FORCE

 Electric Motor
a device that concerts electrical energy to mechanical energy
by applyinf the principle of electromagnetic induction

A simple motor is composed of

 an armature (the rotating coil)
 a permanent magnet (source of the magnetic field )
 brushes that carry the current to the commutator
 a commutator (reverses the current)
 A generator
works in
reverse ,
because the
generator uses
mechanical
energy to
produce
electrical energy. How an electric motor works
APPLICATION OF MAGNETIC FIELD FORCE

 Hard Discs
Hard drives are devices used to store information
 First hard drive was developed by the International Business
Machines( IBM) Corporation in 1953
 The drive sotres information using magnetism.

 A drive needs these basic parts to store information :

 magnetic discor platter to store the information
 a spindle to rotate the magnetic discs
 read/write heads that add data or informaion in the platters
A hard disc
 LESSON 3
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION IN POWER
GENERATION
GENERATORS
• Electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy
to electrical energy through electromagnetic induction.

Parts :
 shaft - connected to the motor of the propellers responsible for
the mechanical input
 stator- stationary magnetic field with copper windings
 armature - spins the stator to create eelectromagnetic induction
 commutator - collects electricity and sends it to the brushes
 brushes - which in turn send the current outside
 Direct Current(DC ) generator

• It is a type of generator
that converts mechanical
energy into DC electrical
energy. It is also called a
dynamo. It generates
pulsating Direct current
that does not change its
direction.
 Alternating Current (AC) generators

• a generator that
converts mechanical
energy into AC
electrical energy. It is a
type of generator
designed to generate
alternating current with
a frequency of 50 or 60
Hz.
 HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS

• Power plants - industrialt facilities that generate

electricity using electric generators
- have several types depending on the
source :
- geothermal
- nuclear
- coal
- solar
- hydroelectric power plants
 Hydroelectric power plant
- power plant that uses the gravitational potential energy
of falling water to generate electricity

Different types :
-storage hydropower
- run-of-river hydropower
- pumped storage hydropower
- offshore hydropower
 Storage hydropower
 Most common power plants which uses dam or a reservoir
to store water. Releasing the water produces electrical
energy
 Run-of - river hydropower

 Channels water from a river through a canal. The water is

used to run a turbine to generate electricity
 Pumped storage hydropower

 A hydropower that harnesses water, which is cycled between the lower and
upper reservoirs through pumps.
• Hydropower plants can be classified into three
based on the energy produced.

1. Large hydropower plants can produce power of

about 30 MW
2. Small hydropower plants porduce 10 MW or
less
3. Microhydropower plants produce 1000 kW of
electrical power