OPTIMIZATION OF LIPID EXTRACTION METHODS

FROM FISH RESIDUE

ROOPESH JR , DR. ANU JACOB
Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences
Coimbatore-641114
ABSTRACT SARDINE FISH

Fish is one of protein sources for humans as it has high value of nutrients and rich in not
only protein, but also packed with minerals and nutrients. Fish demands in recent years has
raised due the growing of the population worldwide, with regard to this even the waste by-
product obtained during the fish processing being dumped in the ocean has also increased
tremendously. Wherein these by-products are of good source of essential amino acids and
rich in energy and can be converted to functional food and pharmaceutical products. Hence
this study focus on optimization of extraction methods for lipids from the waste by-products,
making it a sustainable process.

INTRODUCTION
The raw fish was chopped to extract the
Processing fish waste for extraction of value-added products such as protein, lipid, bones, head and tails.
gelatine, amino acids, collagen and oil has become one of the most intriguing researches due
to its valuable properties. In this study investigation of different lipid extraction methods
from fish residues were performed to find the most scalable and cost-effective process. The
methods Soxhlet extractor, solvent extraction, microwave-assisted and is studied to analyze
the scalable process. In this study Sardine fish residue was used to extract the lipid, with the
aid of two organic solvents hexane/ethanol and distilled water. The fish waste (viscera, bone,
head) was collected from nearby market which was blended and added with the water. The chopped fish sample was further
Soxhlet apparatus is being used for the extraction of lipid from the fish waste. 2g of fish maintained at 60˚C for 30 minutes in oven.
waste is mixed with 60 ml hexane was added to the mixture before fixing the Soxhlet
apparatus. The temperature of the Soxhlet was set at 140°C for 4 hours. The mixture was then
filtered and the organic solvent was removed to obtain lipid in the round bottom flask and the
lipid content was determined. This lipid content is then further compared with the other
conventional methods to find the scalable and cost-effective process for lipid extraction. For
MAE 2g of fish sample is treated with 42 ml of hexane/ethanol and distilled water and
microwaved at 800W.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Later the fish sample was squashed
manually with the help of mortar and
Collection Sardine fish from nearby market pistol.

Removal of fish residues (bones, tail, viscera) and After adding 42ml of hexane/ethanol in
blended using household blender 3:2 ratio for one sample and 42 ml of
distilled water to the other sample, it was
microwave at 800W.

2g of fish residues washed with 1g of sodium sulphate

Soxhlet apparatus is being used for the

The sample soaked in 42ml solvent (hexane/ethanol 3:2 extraction of lipid from the fish waste. 2g
v/v) of fish waste was mixed with 60 ml
hexane for the comparative study.

Then the sample was subjected to microwave power at

800W for MAE
RESULT

The extraction lipids from fish waste was examined and obtained the result that
MAE took about 10 minutes to extract the lipid(80.5mg/g) with distilled water
The fish sample was analyzed on other conventional
and 4 minutes for 61mg using organic solvent, making it an attractive route.
methods like Soxhlet, Ultrasonicator, Bligh and Dyer
Meanwhile soxhlate extraction has been kept for further studies using hexane
method
as a solvent.

CONCLUSION

Filtered via filtration and the upper layer was taken and The methods MAE was performed and Soxhlet was kept for analyzing, it
dried to obtain the lipid content studied that MAE extracted high lipids with distilled water as solvent making it
an attractive route. Wherein Soxhlet would take at least 4 hours with the usage
of solvent. This concludes that MAE method is a green and scalable process
while compared to the conventional soxhlate extractor making it a sustainable
process.
Reference
Rahimi, M. A., Omar, R., Ethaib, S., Mazlina, M. S., Biak, D. A., & Aisyah, R. N. (2017, June). Microwave-assisted extraction of lipid from fish waste. In IOP Conference Series: Materials
Science and Engineering (Vol. 206, No. 1, p. 012096). IOP Publishing.
Costa, D. D. S. V., & Bragagnolo, N. (2017). Development and validation of a novel microwave assisted extraction method for fish lipids. European Journal of Lipid Science and
Technology, 119(3), 1600108.