A

Technical Seminar On
“ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK”

Computer Science and Engineering

Jaipur Engineering college, Kukas, Jaipur
Rajasthan Technical University, Kota
(OCTUBER 2022)
Submitted By:- Submitted To :-
Taufique Ali Mrs. Priyanka Sharma
19EJECS051 (Assistant Professor)
 CONTENTS

• Overview
• Definitions
• ANNs History
• Learning & Adaption
• Supervised, Unsupervised ANN algorithms
• Genetic Algorithm
• Working of ANN’s
• Associate Memory Network
• Applications
 OVERVIEW
• The term "Artificial neural network" refers to a biologically inspired sub-field of
artificial intelligence modeled after the brain.

• An Artificial neural network is usually a computational network based on biological

neural networks that construct the structure of the human brain.

• Similar to a human brain has neurons interconnected to each other, artificial neural
networks also have neurons that are linked to each other in various layers of the
networks. These neurons are known as nodes.

• ANN work on following basis- Adaptive resonance theory, Kohonen self-organizing

map, Building blocks, unsupervised learning, Genetic algorithm, etc.

ANN processor Figure

 DEFININATIONS

• The term "Artificial Neural Network" is derived from Biological neural networks that
develop the structure of a human brain.

• Similar to the human brain that has neurons interconnected to one another, artificial
neural networks also have neurons that are interconnected to one another in various layers
of the networks. These neurons are known as nodes.

Artificial Network
Biological Network
 ANN’S HISTORY

• The history of neural networking arguably began in the late 1800s with scientific

endeavors to study the activity of the human brain.

• In 1890, William James published the first work about brain activity patterns.

In 1943, McCulloch and Pitts created a model of the neuron that is still used today
in an artificial neural network.

• This model is segmented in two parts-

• A summation over-weighted inputs.
• An output function of the sum.

Over Weighted input Output Function

 LEARNING & ADAPTION

• Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is entirely inspired by the way the biological nervous
system work. For Example, the human brain works. The most powerful attribute of the
human brain is to adapt, and ANN acquires similar characteristics. 

• ANN can model this learning process by changing the weighted associations found between
neurons in the network. It effectively mimics the strengthening and weakening of the
synaptic associations found in our brains.

• The learning rule is a technique or a mathematical logic which encourages a neural network
to gain from the existing condition and uplift its performance.
 SUPERVISED, UNSUPERVISED ANN’s ALGORITHMS

Based on the learning rules and training process, learning in ANNs can be sorted into
supervised, reinforcement, and unsupervised learning.

Reinforcement Learning
ANN Algorithms Working
 GENETIC ALGORITHM

• Genetic algorithm (GAs) are a class of search algorithms designed on the natural
evolution process. Genetic Algorithms are based on the principles of survival of the
fittest.

•  In the Genetic Algorithm, the solution of the problem is coded as a string of
bits or real numbers.

• They have been shown in practice to be very efficient at functional optimization. It is

used in searching for huge and sophisticated spaces.

• Genetic algorithms (GAs) are algorithms that are used for optimization and machine
learning based on various features of biological evolution.
 WORKING OF ANN’S

• The working principle of a standard Genetic Algorithm is illustrated in the given

figure.
• The significant steps involved are the generation of a population of the solution,
identifying the objective function and fitness function, and the application of genetic
operators.

• These aspects are described with the assistance of a fundamental genetic algorithm as
below.
 ASSOCIATE MEMORY NETWORK
• An associate memory network refers to a content addressable memory structure that
associates a relationship between the set of input patterns and output patterns.

• A content addressable memory structure is a kind of memory structure that enables the
recollection of data based on the intensity of similarity between the input pattern and the
patterns stored in the memory.

• Let's understand this concept with an example:

 APPLICATIONS

Advantages of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) :-

• Parallel processing capability

• Storing data on the entire network
• Capability to work with incomplete knowledge
• Having a memory distribution
• Having fault tolerance
THANK YOU