DEVELOPMENT OF THE PERIODIC

TABLE

Third Form Chemistry

 OBJECTIVES

By the end of this topic, you will be able to:

describe the historical development of the periodic table

explain how elements are arranged in the modern periodic table

Identify the first 20 elements of the periodic table.

 THE
PERIODIC
TABLE DID
NOT ALWAYS
LOOK LIKE
THIS
 SC IENTISTS STARTED ATTEM PTING TO C LASSIFY
ELEMENTS IN THE EARLY NINETEENTH CENTURY

Johann Dmetri
Dobereiner Medeleev
1817-1829 1869

John Henry
Newlands Moseley
1865 1914
 J O H A N N D O B ER E I N E R

• Between 1817 and 1829, Johann

Dobereiner proposed the law of Triads.
• He noticed that certain groups of three
elements, which he called triads, showed
similar chemical and physical properties.
• 53 elements were discovered during that
time but Dobereiner could only classify
three triads.
JOHANN DOBEREINER
 JOHN NEWLANDS

• In 1865, John Newlands proposed the Law

of Octaves.
• He arranged the elements that has been
discovered at the time in order of increasing
relative atomic mass.
• He discovered that each element exhibited
similar chemical and physical properties to
the element eight places ahead of it in the
list.
Note: 56 elements had been discovered at
that time.
QUICK
CHECK
 Dmitri Mendeleev

Dmitri Mendeleev (1869)

Created the first acceptable version of the periodic table in
which he:
o Arranged elements in increasing relative atomic mass.
o Placed elements with similar chemical and physical
properties together in groups.
o Left gaps when it appeared that elements had not yet been
discovered.
o Using his table , Mendeleev was able to predict the properties
of the missing elements, e.g. he predicted the property of
gallium, which was not discovered until 1875.
• Dmitri Mendeleev published a periodic
table. Mendeleev also arranged the
elements known at the time in order of
relative atomic mass, but he did some
other things that made his table much
more successful.
• Mendeleev realized that the physical and
chemical properties of elements were
related to their atomic mass in a
'periodic' way, and arranged them so that
groups of elements with similar
properties fell into vertical columns in
his table.

Note: 63 elements had been discovered at

that time.
 Henry Moseley (1914)

Henry Moseley (1914)

His work led to the revision of the periodic
table by rearranging the elements in increasing
atomic number which resulted in all elements
with similar properties falling in the same
groups.
He concluded that the number of protons in an
atom is its atomic number.
Note: 92 elements had been discovered at
that time.
 MODERN
PERIODIC
TA B L E O F
ELEMENTS
 THE MODERN PERIODIC TABLE

It is composed of vertical columns of elements called groups, and horizontal

rows of elements called periods.
The elements are organized based on:
• Increasing atomic number
• The electronic configuration of their atoms
• Their chemical properties.
 GROUPS

• Groups are vertical columns of elements. There are 8 groups, eight of which are numbered using
Roman numerals from I to VII, and the last group is 0.
 All elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons (electrons in heir
outermost shell).
 For elements in Groups I-VII, the number of valence electrons is the same as the group number.
 All elements in group 0 have full outer electron shell.
 All elements in the same group has similar chemical properties.
 Moving down a group, the metallic nature of the elements increases and the non-metallic
nature decreases.
 Some groups have specific names

• Group I- Alkali metals

• Group II- Alkaline Earth metals
• Group VII- Halogens
• Group 0- Noble gases
Between groups II and III, there are ten groups of elements called the transition
elements or transition metals. Chemically they show variable valency.
 PERIODS

• Periods are horizontal rows of elements. There are 7 periods, numbered using
Arabic numerals from 1 to 7.
• All the elements in the same period have the same number of occupied
electron shells, therefore they have their valence electrons in the same shell.
• The number of occupied electrons shell is the same as the period number.
• Moving along any period from left to right, the metallic nature of the
elements decreases and the non-metallic nature increases.
PERIODS
THE FIRST
20
ELEMENTS
OF THE
PERIODIC
TABLE
 MODERN
PERIODIC
TA B L E O F
ELEMENTS
 ACTIVITY

• Tell which element is located in the following groups and periods.

• a.__Boron___ group 3 , period 2 g._________ group 6, period 2
• b.__________ group 7, period 3 h.__________ group 0 , period 3
• c.__________ group 2, period 2 i.__________ group 4, period 2
• d.__________ group 3, period 3 j.__________ group 0, period 1
• e.__________ group 2 , period 4 k.__________ group 5 , period 3
• f.__________ group 1, period 4 l.__________ group 2, period 3
 REFERENCES

• Concise Revision Course –CSEC Chemistry

Anne Tindale