Energy Resources

-Not all sources have the

same rate of formation,
regeneration, and
replenishment
-The sources of energy
are divided into
renewable and non-
renewable sources of
energy.
1. Non-renewable energy
sources
-Named as such because
the rate of their
formation is so slow that
none could be formed
over the course of
human history.
-Usually, non-renewable
sources of energy refer
to fossil fuels (oil,
natural gas, and coal)
-The action of heat from
Earth’s core and the
pressure from rocks and
soil on the energy-rich
remains or decaying
plants and animals.
-Fossil fuels provide
over 80% of the energy
used in the world.
Non-renewable Sources
1. Coal
2. Oil
3. Natural Gas
1. Coal
Coal is a combustible
black or brownish-black
sedimentary rock usually
occurring in rock strata
in layers or veins called
coal beds or coal seams.
Coalification is the
formation of coal from
plant material by the
processes of diagenesis and
metamorphism. Also
known as bituminization or
carbonification.
-Organic deposits from
plant remains are collected
in rocks and soils,
submerged in water, and
compressed by the weight
of sediments over millions
of years.
-Coal is found in almost
all countries in the
world.
Geological Time For The
Formation of Coal
• The most favorable
conditions for the
formation of coal
occurred 360 million to
290 million years ago,
during the Carboniferous
(“coal-bearing”) Period.
2. Oil
-Oil was formed from the
remains of marine animals
and plants that lived
millions of years ago that
accumulated to the sea
bottom and went through
geologic forces and
formations.
 - Usually, the oil does
not exist as a liquid mass
but as a concentration of
oil within sandstone
pores.
-Petroleum is usually
found in rock layers
folded by geological
forces.
3. Natural gas
•Natural gas is also
formed from fossil
remains.
-The exposure causes a
change in the
composition of organic
materials into lighter,
more volatile
hydrocarbon gas, instead
of having a liquid form.
-The most common
examples of a deepwater
gas-to-power system
operated in the
Philippines.
Renewable energy
sources
- Renewable energy
sources is energy from
natural sources such as
sunlight, wind, water,
waves, tides, various
forms of biomass, and
geothermal heat.
-Also known as
alternative or clean
energy sources
- Renewable sources of
energy can be
replenished faster than
fossil fuels and have
lower environmental
impact.
Renewable energy
sources:
•Biomass
•Hydroelectric power
•Solar power
•Wind energy
•Geothermal energy
1. Biomass refers to
biological or plant and
animal material used as
fuel for the generation or
electricity, fuel, and heat.
Sources of biomass
include:
a. Food waste
b.Wood is used when the
energy requirement is
low, such as simple
burning, cooking, and
heating
c. Solid wastes are the
common non-
biodegradable refuse
generated from house,
schools and other
establishments.
-They can be used for
energy production
through burning.
However, wastes should
be sorted first to separate
combustible organic
materials.
d. Crop residues and
animal wastes are
leftover materials from
harvesting crops and
animal waste.
-Straws and stalks can be
collected for low energy
use such as heating and
cooking.
e. Energy plants are
crops specifically grown
for energy production.
-examples: sugarcane,
corn, sugar beets, and
grains.
They are grown because
they have a high yield of
dry material and contain
ethanol, both of which
are combustible.
2. Hydroelectric power
- is the energy obtained
from converting the
kinetic energy of fast
moving water into
electricity.
-Waterfalls, running
rivers, tidal power, and
ocean waves are great
options for hydroelectric
power.
In other cases, the water
is collected in a dam or
reservoir and is allowed
to flow constantly on a
steep slope to harness
water energy.
3. Solar power
-is the converted energy
derived from the sun.
-Solar energy is intermittent
and dispersed. However,
recent developments in
technology have offered
solutions to the challenges
of collecting solar energy,
such as solar panels that
can store excess energy.
4.Wind energy is the
energy harnessed from
the flow of the air.
-Wind energy can be
harnessed in wide open
spaces where the wind is
strong, such as along
seashore, deserts, and
mountaintops.
5. Geothermal energy is
the energy harnessed
from the heat coming
from Earth.
The resources of heat range
from the shallow ground to
hot water and hot rocks
beneath the Earth’s surface
and down to extremely high
temperatures of molten rock
or magma.
Heat from these sources
can be used either for
direct heating or to
generate electricity.