T – Series

Terminal For
Telematic Services
T.37 – Procedures for the Transfer
of Facsimile data via store and
forward on the Internet

- is an ITU standard which deals with

sending fax messages using email.
- referred to a “iFax”, “Internet Fax”, or
“Store- forward-fax”.
FAX

- short for facsimile

-Latin “fac simile”- (make similar or make a copy)
- Fax machine supporting T.37 will send a fax to an
email address by converting the document to a
TIFF” attaching it to an email and sending the
document.
 Tagged Image File Format (TIFF)

- a file format for storing images, including

photographs and line art.
- it is now under the control of Adobe systems.
 Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)

- internet standard that extend the format of email to

support:
Text in character sets other than US-ASCII

Non-text attachments

Message bodies with multiple parts

Header information in non-ASCII character sets.

 Internet fax servers / gateways

Reception:

Fax machine > Phone line > Fax Gateway >

email message ( over internet ) > computer email account

Sending:

computer > internet > fax gateway > phone line > fax machine
 Advantages of iFax

No fax machine

Mobility

Confidentiality

No installation of software or hardware

No telephone subscription for an additional
line dedicated to the fax

Send and receive multiple faxes
simultaneously
T.38 – Procedures for real time
Group 3 facsimile
communication over IP network

History
- 1998 T.38 fax relay standard was devised
- it permits faxes to be transported across IP
networks between existing G3 fax terminals
- 1980 T.4 and related fax standards were published
by the ITU
- late 90's, VoIP began to gain ground as an
alternative to the conventional PSTN
Group 3

- a group 3 faxes are digital formats and take

advantage of digital compression methods to
greatly reduce transmission times.
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)

- is a protocol optimized for the transmission of

voice through the internet or other packet-switched
networks.

Public Switch Telephone Network (PSTN)

- is the network of the world's public circuit-

switched telephone networks.
Overview:
- In practical scenarios, a T.38 fax call has at least
part of the call being carried over PSTN.
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
- is one of the core protocols of the Internet
protocol suite.

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

- is one of the core protocols of the Internet
Protocol Suite.
Bandwidth Reduction

- T.38 gateway is comprised of two primary elements:


The fax modems

T.38 subsystem

- PSTN network samples the analog signal of a voice

or modem signals 8,000 times per second (SPS)
and encodes them as 8-bit data bytes.
- Typical modem transmits the image data 14,000
bit/s.