Improvement of Diesel fuel

properties by using additives

By – Vinayak Y S
222MC034
Introduction
Organic compounds of Mn, Mg, Cu and Ca metals were synthesized,
and their solutions were used as Diesel fuel additives to achieve
• Decrease in freezing point
• Increase cetane number(CN)
• Reduce viscosity and flash point
• Improve quality of exhaust
Effect of these parameters
• High freezing point that causes blockage of filters ,
conventional method is to add 100 ppm paradine after refining.
• Cetane number improves in the blend promote the ignition reaction and
accelerate the fuel burning rate. This causes higher maximum in-cylinder
pressure of the diesel engine
• Higher viscosity increases the problems in atomization and damages the
fuel injector, thus ultimately results in incomplete combustion
• High flash point of 55°C (vaporizing of fluid)
• Pollutants include unburned hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO),
nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Experiment conduct
• This experimental study is aimed at improving Diesel fuel by using
organic based metal contents. For this purpose, the organic
components, MgO, CuO, MnO2 and CaO were synthesized, and by
preparing suitable additives, the best compounds to improve fuel
properties and optimize dosage were investigated.
• In order to produce the metal abiatate (compounds) under recondenser
and in the stoichiometric ratio inside a 1000 ml glass reactor, the
reaction was conducted at 180C for 2 h. The synthesized additive was
first dissolved by 2% ethanol, then it was dissolved in Diesel fuel, and
the additive solution was produced.
• The synthesized organic based metallic additives were dosed to the
Diesel fuel for different metal concentrations.
Measurements
• A thermometer was placed in a glass sample tube containing 40 ml of fuel
solution. The sample tube was immersed in a container with liquid
nitrogen, and the Diesel fuel was converted into the solid phase. The
transition temperature of the fuel from the solid to liquid was measured.
• The cetane number was calculated by -

• exhaust emissions were measured by using a Testo 350 analyzer

• viscosities of the fuel were measured by using a Saybolt viscosimeter
Results
• Best fall of freezing point was obtained with organic
based Mn, and the optimum rate of dosage was
determined as 54.2 umol Mn/l, equivalent to 700
ppm.
• Cetane number without the additive was 46.22
• Cetane number becomes 48.24 for the optimum dosage of (700ppm)54.2
umol Mn/l.
• This means that the additive increases the vapour pressure compared with
the fuel without additive.
• The differences between the emissions from the fuel without additives and
with optimum Mn compounds were measured.
• CO2 and net efficiency were increased by 0.2% and 0.8% respectively.
• CO and SO2 were decreased when the Mn additive was used.
• The reduction in SO2 is caused by the formation of MnSO4.
Conclusion
• Mn has the stronger effect in reducing the fuel freezing point, and the
optimum dosage of Mn was determined(54.2 umol Mn/l or 700ppm).
reduction of freezing point 12.4 degree C
cetane number is increased from 46.22 to 48.24
O2 is reduced 0.2%, CO by14.3%
CO2 was increased. SO2 was reduced
net efficiency was increased by 0.8%.
 flash point is reduced 3C
The viscosity of the fuel with Mn is found as 36 SSU. It was
around 38 SSU without additive.
• From the experimental results that the fuel improvement is caused by
cracking of the carbon bonds (smaller particles of HC molecules)
• Since Mn is not a pollutant , this additive can be applied effectively
References
• Improvement of Diesel fuel properties by using additives Metin Gur € u€ a,*, Ugur Karakaya a, Duran
Altıparmak b, Ahmet Alıcılar a a Engineering and Architectural Faculty, Gazi University, 06570 Maltepe,
Ankara, Turkey b Technical Education Faculty, Gazi University, 06500 Ankara, Turkey Received 22 January
2001; accepted 25 April 2001
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