General

Mathematics

ENGR. OSCAR H. HALAMANI, JR.

FUNCTIONS
 Introduction on Functions
 Determining Function or
Not a Function
 Evaluation of Functions
Function
 is a relation between two variables that inhibits
an apparent connection
 a correspondence or rule that pairs each element
of domain with exactly one element of range
Correspondence
 consists a pair between two quantities.

Example: Every person corresponds......What?

Every car corresponds......What?
Domain
 set of all inputs for the function
 independent variables
 usually represented by variable x

Range
 set of all outputs for the function
 the dependent variable
 usually represented by variable y

Example: y = 6x + 1
Functions can be defined as:
Equation
A table
Set of Ordered Pair
Mapping Diagram
Graph
Example
Equation : y = 2x + 3
Table : x -2 -1 0 1 2

y -1 1 3 5 7

Ordered Pairs : {(-2,-1), (-1,1), (0,3),(1,5), (2,7)}

Mapping Diagram :

Graph :
Functions defined as ordered pairs, a table or a mapping diagram.
 A function isa set of ordered pairs in which no two
different ordered pairs have the same x -coordinate.
 An equation that produces such a set of ordered pairs
defines a function.
Example: Indicate whether each defines a function
1. {(1,3), (2,6), (3,9), (4,12)}
Ans. Function
2. {(4,0), (4,4), (8,8), (8,12)}
Ans. Not a Function
3. {(-10,2), (-5,2), (0,4), (5,4)}
Ans. Function
4. X 5 10 15 20
Y 15 12 9 6
Ans. Function
A 0 6 12 18
5.
B 5 5 10 10
Ans. Function
P 6 6 9 9
6 Q -2 -1 0 1
Ans. Not a Function
7. 2 15
8.
1 5
4 12
2 10
6 9 3 15
4 20
8 6 5 25
10 3
Ans. Not a Function Ans. Functions
Functions defined by Graphs
Vertical Line Test
A graph defines a function if each vertical line in the rectangular
coordinate system passes through at most one point on the graph.
 Ifany vertical line passes through two or more points in the graph,
then the graph does not define a function.
Example: Indicate whether each defines a function
 .
Ans. FunctionAns. FunctionAns. Not a Function
Functions Defined by Equation
A
 function is a relationship where each input value (x) will create only
one output value (y).
Example: Indicate whether each defines a function
1. y3 = x 3. y6 = x3 - 15
2. y2 = x + 3
Solutions:
1. y = x
3 2. y2 = x + 3
y = √ (x + 3) 3. y6 = x3 - 15
y = 3√ x y = 6√ (x3 - 15)
y = √ 13 +3
y= √83 y = √ 16 y = 6√ (33 - 15)
y = 4 & -4 y = 6√ (27
y=2 - 15)
y = √ -16 y = 6√ (12)
y = 3√ -8 y = imaginary y = 1.51 & -1.51
Ans.
y=-2
Ans. Not a Function Not a Function
Ans. Function
Evaluating a Function
 To evaluate a function is to find the value of the function for
a given variables
Example:
1. If f(x) = 2x2 + 3x – 1, evaluate the following
a) f(0) b) f(2) c) f(-1)
Solutions:
a) f(0) = 2(0)2 + 3(0) – 1 = 0 + 0 – 1 = -1 Ans.
b) f(2) = 2(2)2 + 3(2) – 1 = 8 + 6 – 1 = 13 Ans.
c) f(-1) = 2(-1)2 + 3(-1) – 1 = 2 – 3 - 1 = -2 Ans.
2. Evaluate the piecewise defined function at the indicated values.
g(x) = x2 + 1 , if x < 0
4x – 1 , if x ≥ 0
a) g(-3) b) g(1) c) g(0) d) g(1/2)

Solutions:
a) g(-3) = (-3)2 + 1 = 9 + 1 = 10 Ans.
b) g(1) = 4(1) – 1 = 4 – 1 = 3 Ans.
c) g(0) = 4(0) - 1 = 0 - 1 = -1 Ans.
d) g(1/2) = 4(1/2) - 1 = 2 - 1 = 1 Ans.
3. Evaluate the piecewise defined function at the indicated values.
h(x) = x2 - 5 , if x ≤ -2
3x + 1 , if -2 < x ≤ 2
100 , if x > 2
a) h(0) b) h(-2) c) h(10) d) h(1/3)

Solutions:
a) h(0) = 3(0) + 1 = 0 + 1 = 1 Ans.
b) h(-2) = (-2)2 - 5 = 4 – 5 = -1 Ans.
c) h(10) = 100 = 100 Ans.
d) f(1/2) = 3(1/3) + 1 = 1 + 1 = 2 Ans.
Is there any Question?
 Next Meeting?

 Operation of Functions
 Composition of Functions
 Odd and Even Functions