Research Variables

PRETEST:
1. Research Question:
Does heating a cup of water allow it
to dissolve more sugar? What is the
dependent variable?

A. water temperature
B. heating a cup of water
C. amount of dissolved water

D. dissolving water
PRETEST:
2. The changes that occur in an
experiment that are directly caused
by the researchers are called:

A. Independent variable

B. Discrete variable
C. Dependent variable

D. Continuous variable
PRETEST:
3. Which of these is NOT continuous
data?

A. A person’s height each year

B. Cars finished in a factory each day.

C. The volume of water in swimming
pool each day.
D. A person’s weight on each day.
PRETEST:
4. Which of these is NOT discrete
data?

A. Height of a sunflower as measured

each day.
B. The salary grade of teacher 1 to 3.
C. The blood type of the male
respondents.
D. Employees’ perception towards
leadership style
PRETEST:
5. Which of the following does NOT
belong to the group of variables?

A. temperature of the room

B. population of the mango tree

C. courses offered in college

D. enrollees from elementary to

college
TASK 1

Using the different set of

pictures shown, guess the
words or phrases from the
image presented.
PICTURE 1

G E N D E R
PICTURE 2

S K I N C O L O R
PICTURE 3
B L O O D
T Y P E
PICTURE 4
S O C I A L
C L A S S
PICTURE 5
I N C O M E
L E V E L
PICTURE 6
A C A D E M I C
R A N K
PICTURE 7
W E I G H T O F T H E
B A B Y
PICTURE 8
A C A D E M I C
P E R F O R M A N C E
PICTURE 9
B O D Y
T E M P E R A T U R E
 SET 2 SET 3
SET 1
1.What do you call those
pictures shown? What is the
connection of those pictures
in research?

2.What do you notice with the

set of words listed in
SET A? B? and C?

3.Why are these variables

important in research?
Learning Objectives:

1. identify the different levels of measurement

(research variables) in qualitative and
quantitative research,
2. recognize the importance and uses of levels
of measurement (variables) in research;
and
3. evaluate research problems as to
classifying variables and viceversa.
  

UNLOCKING
OF
DIFFICULTIES

 Variable – something that changes or that can

be changed : something that varies.

 Discrete Variable – A type of variable, also

called a categorical or nominal variable, which
has a finite number of possible values that do
not have an inherent order.

 Continuous Variable – a variable can take on

any value between its minimum value and its
maximum value
 UNLOCKING
OF
DIFFICULTIES

 Qualitative Data – data that are non-numeric,

such as colors, images and descriptions.

 Quantitative Data – numeric data, are much

easier to analyze than qualitative data, which
are descriptive and open to interpretation.

 Independent Variable- a variable that

determines (or causes) the score of the
dependent variable
 Dependent variable- the variable we are
hypothesizing as a result of the manipulations
VIEWING A VIDEO:
Guide Questions:

1.What are the levels of measurement in research presented in

the video clip?

2.How does nominal, ordinal, and continuous (ratio and

interval) differ from one another?
TASK 2: VIEWING A VIDEO CLIP
Guide Question:

1. What is the difference between independent to dependent

variable?
TASK 2: VIEWING A VIDEO CLIP
Variables
Variables
- anything that can take on
differing or varying
values.

e.g. height of students, sugar

content of soft drink, age of
customers in a store, etc.
In research, especially in quantitative
research, one important thing you have to
focus on at the start of your study is to
determine the variables involved in your study.

To know the significant relationship and

significant differences between or among the
variables

Identification of variables based on

hypothesis
 TYPES OF variables

Independent Dependent
Variable Variable
A variable that determines (or The variable we are hypothesizing
causes) the score of a dependent that alters as a result of our
variable manipulations
Examples of IV and DV
1.A church in the city wants to know if the parishoners’ view
on the importance of religion in life differs between age
groups. You were asked to help analyze the data for them.

2. The Effect of Diet and Exercise on the Physical Fitness of an

Individual
 LEVELS OF MEASUREMENT

Discrete Continuous
Variable Variable
Ordinal Scale/
Nominal Ratio Interval

Data in terms Has absolute zero/

Classifying data No zero/
of degree, rank, Value between
into categories Whole Number
or order whole number
 SET 2 SET 3
SET 1
TASK 3
Identify the following variables whether it belongs
to NOMINAL, ORDINAL, or CONTINUOUS variable.

1. Population of Mango tree

2. Level of Aggressiveness
3. Marital Status
4. Political Affiliation
5. Courses Offered in College
6. Socio-Economic Status
7. total annual income for statistics students
8. Teachers being rated as superior, above average,
average, below average, or poor
Management training programs are often instituted to teach supervisory
skills and thereby increase productivity. Suppose a company psychologist
administers a set of examination to program begins and then administers a
similar examinations at the end of the program. The examinations are
designed to measure supervisory skills, with higher scores indicating
increased skill.

1. What is the independent variable in the problem?

2. How about the dependent variable?
3. Now, what level of measurement is the IV?
4. How about the DV? What level of measurement is it?
An economist is interested in studying between length of
unemployment and job-seeking activity among white-collar
workers. He interviews a sample of 12 unemployed accountants
as to the number of weeks they have been unemployed (X) and
seeking a job during the past year (Y). Compute a Pearson’s
correlation coefficient for these data and determine whether the
correlation is significant.

1. What is the independent variable in the problem?

2. How about the dependent variable?
3. Now, what level of measurement is the IV?
4. How about the DV? What level of measurement is it?
Let’s Wrap Up:

changes Dependent
Independent
or Variable
Variable
impacts
Let’s Wrap Up:

Levels of
Measurement

Discrete Continuous
Variable Variable
Nominal Ordinal Ratio Scale
COLLABORATIVE ACTIVITY
 
GROUP 1:
Formulate research problem having IV and DV then make a
conceptual framework or diagram to show the research variables.

GROUP 2:
Using the pictures provided, formulate a research problem then
classify the IV and DV and the levels of measurement used.
Group 2
POSTTEST:
1. Research Question:
Does heating a cup of water allow it
to dissolve more sugar? What is the
dependent variable?

A. water temperature
B. heating a cup of water
C. amount of dissolved water

D. dissolving water
POSTTEST:
2. Which of these is NOT continuous
data?

A. A person’s height each year

B. Cars finished in a factory each day.

C. The volume of water in swimming
pool each day.
D. A person’s weight on each day.
POSTTEST:
3. Which of these is NOT discrete
data?

A. Height of a sunflower as measured

each day.
B. The salary grade of teacher 1 to 3.
C. The blood type of the male
respondents.
D. Employees’ perception towards
leadership style
POSTTEST:
4. The changes that occur in an
experiment that are directly caused
by the researchers are called:

A. Independent variable

B. Discrete variable
C. Dependent variable

D. Continuous variable
POSTTEST:
5. Which of the following does NOT
belong to the group of variables?

A. temperature of the room

B. population of the mango tree

C. courses offered in college

D. enrollees from elementary to

college
ASSIGNMENT:

1. What are the logic of hypothesis testing?