Middle Latitude Cyclone

Oleh : Evan Sugiarto Afil

 Cyclone and Anticyclone
Cyclone : Pusat Tekanan Rendah
(counterclockwise northern hemisphere and
clockwise southern hemisphere)

Anticyclone : Pusat Tekanan Tinggi (clockwise

northern hemisphere and counterclockwise
southern hemisphere)
Polar Front Theory (cyclogenesis)
 Polar Front Theory
• Figure 12.1a shows a segment of the polar front as a stationary
front. It represents a trough of lower pressure with higher
pressure on both sides. Cold air to the north and warm air to
the south flow parallel to the front, but in opposite directions.
• Figure 12.1b shows the newly formed wave with a cold front
pushing southward and a warm front moving northward. The
region of lowest pressure (called the central pressure) is at the
junction of the two fronts. As the cold air displaces the warm
air upward along the cold front, and as overrunning occurs
ahead of the warm front, a narrow band of precipitation forms
(shaded green area).
 Polar Front Theory
• Steered by the winds aloft, the system typically moves east
or northeastward and gradually becomes a fully developed
open wave in 12 to 24 hours (see Fig. 12.1c)
• The faster-movingncold front constantly inches closer to
the warm front, squeezing the warm sector into a smaller
area, as shown in Fig. 12.1d In this model, the cold front
eventually overtakes the warm front and the system
becomes occluded. At this point, the storm is usually most
intense, with clouds and precipitation covering a large
area. The area of most intense weather is normally found
to the northwest of the storm’s center
 Polar Front Theory
• The center of the intense storm system shown
in Fig. 12.1e gradually dissipates, because cold
air now lies on both sides of the occluded
front.
• Without the supply of energy provided by the
rising warm, moist air, the old storm system
dies out and gradually disappears (see Fig.
12.1f).
Vertical Structure (Developing MLC)
Vertical Structure (Developing MLC)
Vertical Structure (Developing MLC)
Trough and Ridge
Trough and Ridge
Vertical Structure (Developing MLC)
 Developing MLC = Baroclinic Instability

Vertical Wind Shear (speed) harus besar

Role of Jetstream