Mathematics in Modern World

MATH IN
MODERN WORLD
GE-MMW
MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD
PART 1: THE NATURE OF MATHEMATICS
1.1 Mathematics in our World

Mathematics is the language with which God wrote the universe. - Galileo Galilei
Why Math is a Language?
• In order to be considered a language, a system of communication must have vocabulary,
grammar, syntax, and people who use and understand it.
• Math is a universal language. The symbols and organization to form equations are the same in
every country of the world.
Why do we need to study Mathematics in the Modern World?
• You may not know it, but Math is all around you.
• You may not recognize it, but it is always there.
• You use math and see Math, but it is always there.
PATTERNS
Something that repeats in a predictable way is a pattern.
Patterns in nature are visible regularities of form found in the natural world and
can also be seen in the universe.
Examples of Patterns in Nature
• Patterns are found in construction materials, everything from brick walls to walk ways.
• Natural patterns like the intricate waves across the oceans; sand dunes on deserts; formation of typhoon;
water drop with ripple and others. These serves as clues to the rules that govern the flow of water, sand
and air.
SYMMETRY
The quality of being made up of exactly similar parts facing each other or
around an axis.
Examples of Symmetry in Nature
• Symmetry is found in nature, in leaves, flowers and plants.
• Symmetry is also found in many manmade objects such as windmills.
Types of Symmetry
1. Bilateral Symmetry
A symmetry in which the left and right sides of the organism can be divided into approximately mirror
image of each other along the midline. Symmetry exists in living things such as in insects, animals, plants,
flowers and others. Animals have mainly bilateral or vertical
symmetry, even leaves of plants and some flowers such as orchids.
SYMMETRY
SYMMETRY
Types of Symmetry
2. Radial Symmetry (or rotational symmetry)
A symmetry around a fixed point known as the center and it can be classified as either cyclic or
dihedral. Plants often have radial or rotational symmetry, as to flowers and some group of animals. A five-
fold symmetry is found in the echinoderms, the group in which includes starfish, sea urchins and sea lilies.
Radial symmetry suits organism like sea anemones whose adults do not move. Radial symmetry is also
evident in different kinds of flowers.
FRACTALS
A curve or geometric figure, each part of which has the same statistical character as the whole. A
fractal is a never-ending pattern found in nature. The exact same shape is replicated in a process called
“self similarity.” The pattern repeats itself over and over again at different
scales
Examples of Fractals in Nature
• Fractals can be found in tree grows by repetitive branching.
• This same kind of branching can be seen in lightning bolts and the veins in your body.
SPIRAL
A logarithmic spiral or growth spiral is a self-similar spiral curve which often appears in nature. It
was first describe by Rene Descartes and was later investigated by Jacob Bernoulli. A spiral is a curved
pattern that focuses on a center point and a series of circular shapes that revolve
around it
Examples of Spirals in Nature
• Fractals can be found in tree grows by repetitive branching.
• This same kind of branching can be seen in lightning bolts and the veins in your body.
MEASUREMENTS
A collection of quantitative or numerical data that describes a property of an object or event. A
measurement is made by comparing a quantity with a standard unit
Where to use measurements in Nature
• We use measurements in Gauges. Sample in cars we use measurements in speed, in reading thermometers
for temperature.
• We also use measurements in determining a capacity. Sample a concert, we can measure how many
people attended, in a seminar we can measure how many participated.
TIME
Time is the continued sequence of existence and events that occurs in an apparently irreversible
succession from the past, through the present, into the future.
Where to use Time in Nature
• Scheduling, in making time management

• In assessing time of arrival, time of departure
• Travelling and assessing duration
Money
A medium that can be exchanged for goods and services and is used as a measure of their values
on the market, including among its forms a commodity such as gold, an officially issued coin or note,
or a deposit in a checking account or other readily liquefiable account
Where to use money in Nature
• Purchasing goods, foods, and basic commoditied
• Salary, expenses, loans, assets.
Fractions, Decimals and Percents
Fractions- Fractions are the numbers that represent the parts of a whole
Decimals- are one of the types of numbers, which has a whole number and the fractional part separated
by a decimal point
Percents- a percentage is a number or ratio that can be expressed as a fraction of 100. If we have to
calculate percent of a number, divide the number by the whole and multiply by 100. Hence, the
percentage means, a part per hundred
Where to use Fractions, Decimals and Percents in Nature
• Fractions are use in splitting

• Decimals are use for measuring
• Percents are use in rating
Probability
Probability is the branch of mathematics concerning numerical descriptions of how likely an event
is to occur, or how likely it is that a proposition is true.
Where to use Probability in Nature

• Determining the rate of likely success among competitors in games
• What is the chance in winning a lottery
Problem Solving
Problem solving is the act of defining a problem; determining the cause of the problem;
identifying, prioritizing, and selecting alternatives for a solution; and implementing a solution.
Where to use Problem Solving in Nature
• Figuring your way out in a maze

• Figuring out a strategy so you can win out of the game
Fibonacci Sequence
The Fibonacci numbers were first described in Indian mathematics, as early as 200 BC in work
by Pingala on enumerating possible patterns of Sanskrit poetry formed from syllables of two
lengths. They are named after the Italian mathematician Leonardo of Pisa, later known
as Fibonacci, who introduced the sequence to Western European mathematics in his 1202
book Liber Abaci.
Fibonacci Sequence
Fibonacci Sequence
Fibonacci sequence, in which each number is the sum of the two preceding ones. The sequence
commonly starts from 0 and 1, although some authors omit the initial terms and start the sequence
from 1 and 1 or from 1 and 2. Starting from 0 and 1, the first few values in the sequence are,
0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144 and so on
Fibonacci Sequence in Nature
• We can see Fibonacci sequence all through the nature. One good example is the shell. shells
follow the progressive proportional increase of the Fibonacci Sequence. Shells are probably the
most famous example of the sequence because the lines are very clean and clear to see.
• Fibonacci can also be seen in sunflowers. Observing its species, some have 21 spirals in the
clockwise direction and 34 spirals in the counter clockwise direction. The same natural
phenomena can be observed in the number of petals in daisies, cauliflower florets, spirals in
spine cones and the band winding around pineapples.
• Fibonacci numbers are studied as part of number theorem. Its application includes computer
algorithm such as Fibonacci search technique, Fibonacci heap data structure and Fibonacci
cubes.
Golden Ratio
Fibonacci discovery of Fibonacci sequence happened to approach the ratio asymptotically. He

found the interesting and mysterious properties of the Fibonacci sequence that the series has a deep
relationship with the golden ratio.
The golden ratio was first called as the Divine Proportion in the early 1500s in Leonardo da
Vinci’s work which was explored by Luca Pacioli entitled “De Divina Proportione” in 1509. But
the first description of golden ratio was shown Euclid’s elements arounf 2,300 years ago.
Golden Ratio
In mathematics, two quantities are in the golden ratio if their ratio is the same as the ratio of
their sum to the larger of the two quantities.
Golden Ratio and Fibonacci Sequence
The ratio of each number to the previous number in the Fibonacci Sequence is equal to Phi.
A B B /A
2 3 1.5
3 5 1.666666666...
5 8 1.6 Value of Phi
8 13 1.625 = 1.6180339887
13 21 1.615384615...
... ... ...
144 233 1.618055556...
233 377 1.618025751...
... ... ...
Golden Ratio in Nature
• Artists and designers may sometimes use the Golden ratio in creating everything from product
to brand logos.
• The golden ratio has also been useful to researchers in fields like high energy physics, quantum
mechanics and cryptography.
ACTIVITY
In your own opinion.
1. What is Mathematics?
2. What new ideas about mathematics did you learn?
3. What is it about mathematics that might have changed your thought about it?
4. What is most useful about mathematics for humankind?

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MATH IN

1.1 Mathematics in our World

• Scheduling, in making time management

Where to use Fractions, Decimals and Percents in Nature

• Fractions are use in splitting

Where to use Probability in Nature

Where to use Problem Solving in Nature

• Figuring your way out in a maze

Fibonacci Sequence in Nature

Fibonacci discovery of Fibonacci sequence happened to approach the ratio asymptotically. He

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