RESEARCH METHODS TO USE

TWO MAJOR TYPES OF RESEARCH

MAJOR
TYPES

BASIC APPLIED
RESEARCH RESEARCH
 MAJOR TYPES OF RESEARCH
 BASIC RESEARCH- is  APPLIED RESEARCH- is
undertaken when the purpose
conducted for the sake is to obtain knowledge for
of knowing and pratical applications or useful
understanding. It is to ends, thus is is also known as
deal with theoretical practical research.
issues concerning with  In this type of research, the
different phenomenon. intention is not just to acquire
knowledge but to use that
knowledge to solve problems
 Its main objectives is to or improve the prevailing
test or arrive at a comdition which in its present
theory with the ultimate state is unsatisfactory or
maybe satisfactory but which
goal of establishing has still room or possibilty for
general principles. betterment.
Types of Research Accdg. To Purpose
(Martinez, 1988)
 1.Pure Research- arising out of the
perceived needs of the discipline and
is generally conceived as one which is
oriented towards the resolution,
clarification or comprehension of a
theoretical problem and the need for
empirical data does not exist.
 These are usually the requirements for those who work for a
Master’s Degree in Mathematics or Statistics.
 2. BASIC RESEARCH- is oriented towards problems
which arise in some fields of application but is not
aimed at prescribing a solution to a practical
problem.
2.1. Operations Research – aimed at tackling
an ongoing problem within an
organization but it does not involve actual
experimental activity.

2.2. Action Research- involve a component of

the strategy of the operational research
work, but is dintinguished by the application
of the other components of the strategy and
the introduction of observation as part of
planned changed.
 2.3. Performance Research- generated data
from interviews used in the analysis to arrive at
the answer to the problems under study.
Interpretations are backed up with the so-called
emperical data on the different criterion
measures of performance.
 RESEARCH APPROACHES
 QUALITATIVE  QUANTITATIVE
APPROACH- involves APPROACH- involves
the collection of the collection of
extensie narrative data numerical data in order
in order to gain to explain, predict,
insights into and/or control
phenomena of interest; phenomena of interest,
data analysis includes data analysis is mainly
the coding of the data statistical.
and production of a
verbal synthesis.  (DEDUCTIVE PROCESS)
 (INDUCTIVE PROCESS)
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGNS
 EXPERIMENTAL/  NON-EXPERIMENTAL/
INTERVENTION NON-INTERVENTION
 1. True Experimental
 1. Survey Studies
Design
 * Restrospective
 * Longitudinal
 * Descriptive
 2. Quasi-  * Comparative
Experimental Design  * Correlational
 * Evaluative
 3. Pre- Experimental
Design
 NON-EXPERIMENTAL/ NON-INTERVENTION DESIGNS
ACCDG. TO TIME ORIENTATION

 1. Retrospective- The dependent variable is

identified in the present and an attempt is made to
determine the independent variable that occurred in
the past.

 2. Cross-sectional- data are collected at a single

point in time. The design requires subjects who are
at different points, phases, or stages of an
experience. The subjects are assured to represent
data collected from different time periods.
 E.g. If the researcher wants to determine the psychological
experience of students in different grade levels, he/she will gather
data from a specific number subjects from each grade level.
 NON-EXPERIMENTAL/ NON-INTERVENTION
DESIGNS ACCDG. TO PURPOSE OR OBJECTIVES

 1. Descriptive- utilized for the purpose of accurately

portraying a population that has been chosen
because of some specific characteristics.
 * It is also used to determine the extent or direction
of attitudes and behaviors.
 * This design aims to gather more information on
certain characteristics within a particular field of
study.
 * The purpose is to provide a picture of a situation as
it naturally happens.
 * No manipulation of variables is involved in a
desriptive design.
 NON-EXPERIMENTAL/ NON-INTERVENTION
DESIGNS ACCDG. TO PURPOSE OR OBJECTIVES

 2. Comparative- This design is used to compare

and contrast representative samples from two or
more groups of subjects in relation to a certain
designated variables that occur in normal
conditions. The results-obtained from these
analyses are frequently not generalized in a
population.

 3. Correlational- is used to investigate the

direction and magnitude of relationships among
variables in a particular population.
 NON-EXPERIMENTAL/ NON-INTERVENTION
DESIGNS ACCDG. TO PURPOSE OR OBJECTIVES

 4. Evaluative- this design involves making a

judgment of worth or value.

 * It allows the researcher to delineate, obtain, and

provide information that is useful for judging
decision alternatives when conducting a program
or service.

 * It can be formative (process) or summative

(outcome).