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Culture of Odisha
THE LAND OF GOLD
Odisha is one of the 28 states of India, located in the
eastern coast.
It is surrounded by the states of West Bengal to the
north-east, Jharkhand to the north, Chhattisgarh
to the west and north-west, Andhra Pradesh to
the south and south-west. Odia (formerly known
as Oriya) is the official and most widely spoken
language, spoken by 33.2 million according to
the 2001 Census.The modern state of Odisha was
established on 1 April 1936, as a province
in British India, and consisted predominantly of
Odia-speaking regions.[2] April 1 is celebrated
as Odisha Day.
 Visual arts
Other cultural attractions include the Jagannatha Temple in Puri,
known f o r its annual Rath Yatra or Chariot, tala Chitra (palm
leaf engravings), the famous stone utensils of Nilgiri (Balasore)
and various tribal-influenced cultures. The Sun Temple at Konark
is famous f o r its architectural splendour while the Sambalpuri
textiles equal it in artistic grandeur.
Sand sculpture is practiced on the beaches of Puri
In its long history, Odisha has had a continuous tradition of dharmic religions
especially Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism. Ashoka's conquest of Kalinga
(India) made Buddhism a principal religion in the state which led to the
establishment of numerous Stupas and Buddhist learning centres
Presently, the majority of people in the state of Odisha are Hindus.
Odisha has Christian and Muslim minorities. There are around 898,000
Christians in Odisha
 Literature
The beginnings of Odia poetry coincide with the development of Charya Sahitya,
the literature thus started by Mahayana Buddhist poets. This literature was written
in a specific metaphor named "Sandhya Bhasha" and the poets like Luipa,
Kanhupa are from the territory of Odisha. The language of Charya was
considered as Prakriti.
In the pre-Sarala period, Natha and Siddha literature flourished in Odisha. The
main works of this period are Shishu veda (an anthology of 24 dohas), Amara
Kosha and Gorakha Samhita. Shishu veda is mentioned in the works of Sarala Das
and the later 16th century poets. It is written in Dandi brutta.
Fakir Mohan Senapati: (1843-1918)
He is considered the Father of modern Oriya literature, particularly in prose —

in the field of novels and short stories.

 Musi
c
Odissi music is the traditional classical music of the state of Odisha. Born
as a seva in the Jagannatha temple of Puri, it was developed by great
composers such as Jayadeva, Upendra Bhanja, Dinakrusna Dasa,
Banamali Dasa Kabisurjya Baladeba Ratha, Gopalakrusna Pattanayaka
and others. Odissi music has a history of over 2000 years, several
native shastras or treatises, unique ragas and talas and a distinctive
style of rendition.

Odissi music is more two thousand five hundred years old and comprises
several categories Folk music like Jogi Gita, Kendara Gita, Dhuduki
Badya, Prahallada Nataka, Palla, Sankirtan, Mogal Tamasa, Gitinatya,
Kandhei Nacha, Kela Nacha, Ghoda Nacha, Danda Nacha and Daskathia
are popular in Odisha. Almost every tribal group has its own distinct
song and dance style.
 Dance
Odissi dance and music are classical forms. Odissi has a tradition of 2,000 years,
and finds mention in the Natyashastra of Bharatamuni, possibly written circa 200
BCE Chhau dance ( or Chau dance) is a form of tribal (martial) dance attributed to
origins in Mayurbhanj princely state of Odisha and seen in the Indian states of
West Bengal, Jharkhand and Odisha.

Odissi classical dance is about the divine love of Krishna and his consort Radha,
mostly drawn from compositions by the notable Odia poet Jayadeva, who lived in
the 12th century CE.
Mahari Dance is one of the important dance forms
of Odisha. Mahari dance originated in the temples of
Odisha. History of Odisha provides evidence of the
Devadasi cult in Odisha. Devadasis were dancing
girls who were dedicated to the temples of Odisha.
The Devadasis in Odisha were known as Maharis
and the dance performed by them came to be
known as Mahari Dance.
 Odia cuisine
Odisha has a culinary tradition spanning
centuries if not millennia. The kitchen of the
famous Jagannath Temple in Puri is reputed to
be the largest in the world, with a thousand
chefs, working around 752 wood-burning clay
hearths called chulas, to feed over 10,000
people each day.
Rasagolla, one of the most popular desserts in India, is an extension of the cuisine of
Odisha and West Bengal. It had been enjoyed in Odisha f o r centuries and
neighbouring Bengal, like the well-known rice pudding, kheer that is relished all over
India.Chena Poda is another famous sweet delicacy in Odisha with the origin f r o m
Nayagarh District, Odisha.The main course also includes one or more curries,
vegetables and pickles. Given the fondness f o r sweet foods, the dessert course may
include generous portions of more than a single item.
 Clothing
The western-style dress has gained greater
acceptance in cities and towns among men,
although the people prefer to wear traditional
dresses like Dhoti, Kurtha and Gamucha during
festivals or other religious occasions. Women
normally prefer to wear the Sari Sambalpuri
Sari, or the Shalwar kameez; western attire is
becoming popular among younger women in
cities and towns.The Saree of Odisha is much in
demand throughout the entire world. The
different colours and varieties of sarees in
Odisha make them very popular among the
women of the state. The handloom sarees
available in Odisha can be of four major types;
these are Sambalpui Ikat, Sambalpuri Bandha,
Sambalpuri Bomkai and Sambalpuri Saptaper
 Flora and fauna of Odisha
Almost one-third of Odisha is covered by forests which make up about
37.34% of the total land area of the state. These forests cover most of
southern and western Odisha. The eastern plains adjacent to the coast
are covered by farmlands.Recent surveys revealed an overall 726
species of flowering plants belonging to 496 genera and 120 families.
T his r epr esents about one f our th of the vascular plant species of the
–

Odisha state where some 2900 species altogether are found. Fabaceae
is the most dominant plant family followed by Poaceae and
Cyperaceae. Certain species were found to be characteristic of
specif ic island s. In 1981, Chilika L ake was d esignated the f ir st Ind ian
wetland of international importance under the Ramsar Convention
due to its rich biodiversity.species of fauna.Including many rare,
endangered, threatened and vulnerable species, but excluding
terrestrial insects.
The rare and threatened animal species identified are green sea turtle
(EN), dugong (VU), Irrawaddy dolphin (VU), blackbuck (NT), spoon
billed sandpiper (CR), limbless skink and fishing cat (EN). 24
mammalian species were reported. 37 species of reptiles and
amphibians are also reported.Hilika Lake is the largest wintering
ground f o r migratory birds, on the Indian sub-continent. It is one of
the hotspots of biodiversity in the country. In 2002, the Bombay
Natural History Society survey recorded 540 nests of the Indian river
tern at the island, the largest nesting colony in the southeast Asia.
 Stone carving in Odisha
Stone carving in Odisha is the ancient practice of
sculpting stone into art and utilitarian objects. It is an
ancient practice in the Indian state of Odisha. Stone
carving is practiced by artisans mainly in Puri,
Bhubaneswar and Lalitgiri in the Cuttack district,
though some carvings can be found in Khiching in
the Mayurbhanj District. Stone carving is one of the
major handcrafts of Odisha. The art form primarily
consists of custom carved works,with the Sun
Temple of Konark and its intricate sculpture and
delicate carvings on the red vivid sandstone
exemplifying the practice. Other noteworthy
monuments include the Stupas of Udayagiri and
Ratnagiri and the temples at Jagannath, Lingaraj,
Mukteshwar and as well as other temples in the
region
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