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ORAL COMMUNICATION
(ORALCOM)

Lesson 1:
Nature and Elements of Communication

ACCESS COMPUTER COLLEGES

 TOPIC
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• Nature & Elements of

Communication
• Functions of Communication
• Barriers to Communication
• Verbal and Nonverbal
Communication
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Topic 1: Nature & Elements of Communication

What is COMMUNICATION?
• Communication is a process of sharing and
conveying messages or information from
one person to another within and across
channels, contexts, media, and cultures
• It can be a face-to-face interaction, a
phone conversation, a group discussion, a
meeting or interview, a letter
correspondence, a class recitation, and
many others.
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Topic 1: Nature & Elements of Communication

Nature of Communication
1. Communication is a process.
2. Communication occurs between two
or more people (the speaker and the
receiver).
3. Communication can be expressed
through written or spoken words,
actions (nonverbal), or both spoken
words and nonverbal actions at the
same time.
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Topic 1: Nature & Elements of Communication

Elements of Communication
Communication is divided into
elements which help us better
understand its mechanics or process.
1. Speaker – the source of information or message
2. Message – the information, ideas, or thoughts
conveyed by the speaker in words or in actions
3. Encoding – the process of converting the
message into words, actions, or other forms that
the RECEIVER might understand.
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Topic 1: Nature & Elements of Communication
4. Channel – the medium or the means, such as
personal or non-personal, verbal or nonverbal,
in which the encoded message is conveyed
5. Decoding – the process of interpreting the
encoded message of the speaker by the receiver
6. Receiver – the recipient of the message, or
someone who decodes the message
7. Feedback – the reactions, responses, or
information provided by the receiver
8. Context – the environment where
communication takes place
9. Barrier – the factors that affect the flow of
communication
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Topic 1: Nature & Elements of Communication
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Topic 1: Nature & Elements of Communication
Shannon-Weaver Model Known as the mother
of all communication models
• Shannon-Weaver model (1949) depicts
communication as a linear or one-way process
consisting of five elements: a source (producer
of message); a transmitter (encoder of
message into signals); a channel (signals
adapted for transmission); a receiver (decoder
of message from the signal); and a destination.
• This model, however, has been criticized for
missing one essential element in the
communication process: feedback.
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Topic 1: Nature & Elements of Communication

Transaction Model Unlike the

Shannon-Weaver Model, which is
a one-way process, the
Transaction Model is a two-way
process with the inclusion of
feedback as one element.
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Topic 2: Functions of Communication

Basically, there are five

functions of communication.
These are control, social
interaction,
motivation, emotional
expression, and information
dissemination.
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Topic 2: Functions of Communication
1. Control – Communication functions to
control behavior.
2. Social Interaction – Communication allows
individuals to interact with others.
3. Motivation – Communication motivates or
encourages people to live better.
4. Emotional expression – Communication
facilitates people’s expression of their
feelings and emotions.
5. Information dissemination –
Communication functions to convey
information.
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Topic 3: Barriers of Communication
Emotional
Barriers
• There are instances when
miscommunication and Use of Jargon
misunderstanding occur
because of certain Lack of
barriers. Confidence

Noisy
Environment
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Topic 4: Verbal & Nonverbal Communication

• Verbal Communication refers

to an interaction in which
words are used to relay a
message. For effective and
successful verbal
communication, use words to
express ideas which can be
easily understood by the
person you are talking to.
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Topic 4: Verbal & Nonverbal Communication
• Nonverbal communication refers to
an interaction where behavior is used
to convey and represent meanings. All
kinds of human responses that are
not expressed in words are classified
as nonverbal communication.
Examples of this are stares, smiles,
tone of voice, movements, manners
of walking, standing and sitting,
attitude towards time and space,
gestures, and others.
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Topic 4: Verbal & Nonverbal Communication
Importance of nonverbal communication:
1. It enhances and emphasizes the message of
your speech, thus making it more meaningful.
2. It can sustain the attention of listeners and
keep them engaged in the speech.
3. It gives the audience a preview to the type
of speaker you are.
4. It helps make your speech more dramatic.
5. It can build a connection with listeners.
6. It helps you vary your speaking style and
avoid a monotonous delivery.
 References
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• Oral Communication in Context For

Senior High School Published in 2016
by C & E Publishing, Inc. 839 EDSA,
South Triangle, Quezon City ISBN
978-971-98-0449-9
 Next Session
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• Types of Speech Context

and Style

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