C

Interoperable • Domains
Emobility • Layers
System • Zones

Data transactions(Charge point-

CPO-MSP-Roaming)

Content
Industry standards, protocols and their technical
details

Charging • Plug & Charge

• Wireless
 Topology of key players

EMSP (E-mobility Service Provider) CPO (Charge Point Operator) Roaming

an electric charging opportunity.
access to charging stations in wide geography.
information about the location,
to show the availability of the stations
to provide convenience and diversity in the payment
of the charging fee.
responsible for the operations
the maintenance of the station
the selling price of the station.
smart charging systems for EMSPs.
to create a network between the service providers.
services from various service providers that they are
not registered.
charge their vehicles at charging stations which they
are not registered.

They share their features such as payment only with

their customers who registered them before.
INTEROPERABLE
SYSTEM
C
Interoperable
System
Electricity

The three former seperated

sectors are merging together in Individual Mobility
future e-mobility systems.

Information and
Communication
Interoperable system is allowing Technology (ICT)
anyone in Turkey to charge at
any charging station with his own
e-mobility contract
 Smart charging enabled by ICT to
Optimized
reduce the impact of EV charging Economic
on the grid

Why Machine to machine payments

&
How? Transaction processing on blockchain-based Inf. System

Hardware
Software
Enable such concepts, Processes
interoperable systems are required Data
Procedures
Human
E-MOBILITY
SYSTEM
ARCHITECTUR
E
DOMAINS
C
 Immobile Domain

• Energy Conversion
• Energy Transfer from/to EV

Mobile Domain
Domains • Electric Vehicle
• EV User Premises

Source: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332057399
Energy Conversion
• Energy Conversion contains
• the electricity system with all levels
• generation,
• transmission grid,
• distribution grid,
• local power generation like photo-voltaic systems.
Energy Transfer from/to
EV
• Energy Transfer from/to EV includes the necessary
infrastructure for transferring the energy to the EV and vice
versa. The CS management system and all kind of entities
required for the process of getting energy to/from the EV, like
vehicle-to-vehicle, vehicle-to-grid, grid-to-vehicle, vehicle-to-
home or home-to-vehicle, are included.
Electric Vehicle
• Electric Vehicle includes the entities
to perform the electric driving process.
• part of the moving EV,
• the battery,
• Battery Management System (BMS) or
monitoring systems
• EV (fleet) management systems
EV User Premises
• EV User Premises include:
• mobile devices,
• personal computers
• (RFID) charging cards
• smartphone app
• searching/booking/reserving CSs or vehicles,
• intelligent route planning,
• Navigation,
• all kind of e-mobility services.
Roaming Requirements
• Imagine a world where every gas station only accepted their own form of payment.
• BP only accepted Visa, Shell only accepted Mastercard, and independent stations only accepted cash.
• Would you buy a television set that only worked with one particular satellite or cable service provider?

• Can you switch charge station networks when your contract is up?

• Need:
• A charging station network, similar to cell phones and cell phone networks.
INTEROPERABILITY
LAYERS
C
E-MOBILITY
SYSTEM
ARCHITECTUR
E
Layer :
Component
Layer:
Function
Layer:
Information
Layer:
Communication
Layer:
Business
•Source: Compiled from
Open Charge Alliance
(2018); Nationaal
Kennisplatform
Laadinfrastructuur et al.
(2019); ISO Central
Secretary (2016)
Standards
• IEC 61851 is an international standard for electric vehicle conductive charging systems, parts of which
are currently still under development.

• IEC 62196 Plugs, socket-outlets, vehicle connectors and vehicle inlets – Conductive charging of electric
vehicles is a series of international standards that define requirements and tests for plugs, socket-outlets,
vehicle connectors and vehicle inlets for conductive charging of electric vehicles 

• ISO 15118 Road vehicles -- Vehicle to grid communication interface is an international standard defining
a vehicle to grid (V2G) communication interface for bi-directional charging/discharging of electric
vehicles. 
 Protocols - OCPP
• Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) is simply a syntax (language) used to communicate between a
networked charging station and a network management system.
• OCPP is not copyrighted and is freely available for use by anyone at no cost.
• OCPP 1.5
• a certification process does not yet exist any claim of interoperability is meaningless until a particular station is
tested with a particular network management system.

Note: A new international standards development organization, eMI3,

has been formed to bring a standard station-to
network management system protocol (among other needed standards)
to the IEC for ratification. OCPP is the leading candidate for that protocol.
Source: https://www.chargepoint.com/files/OCPP-Fact-Sheet.pdf
Source: https://www.openchargealliance.org/uploads/files/OCA-EN_whitepaper_OCPP_vs_proprietary_protocols_v1.0.pdf
OCPP, Why?
• Advantages for Charge Point owners
• if your charging station vendor goes out of business, and their stations are OCPP-compliant, you can connect to
another OCPP-compliant network using your original charging stations. 
• If you’re thinking of expanding your stations at your property but prefer the network capabilities from a different
vendor than your original one, you have the freedom to combine your old stations with new stations 
• Advantages for EV drivers
• Drivers want to be able to charge their vehicles everywhere they go.
• They reap the benefits of you using the best charging stations and network
OCPP versions
• OCPP 1.6 • OCPP 2.0 & OCPP 2.0.1
• Smart Charging support for load balancing and • Device Management
use of charge profiles • Inventory reporting of CP from different vendors
• (Local) list management support • Data Reduction
• Additional status • Amount of data per transaction
• Message sending requests such as CP time or • Cyber Security
status at the CP • Extended Smart Charging
• Local controller
• Plug & Charge
• Tariffs & Costs
PLUG & CHARGE
C
PLUG & CHARGE
• Once the charging cable is plugged in, the EV will automatically
identify itself to the charging station on behalf of the driver and
be authorized to receive energy for recharging its battery.
• Based on the standard of ISO 15118

• The act of entering a credit card, opening an app to scan a QR

code, or finding that easy-to-lose RFID card is a thing of the past
with this technology. 
The Cryptographic Foundations

Source: https://v2g-clarity.com/knowledgebase/basics-of-plug-and-charge/
Certificate Authorities
WIRELESS
CHARGING
C
 Wireless Charging 
Inductive Charging Capacitive Charging

Source: https://www.powerelectronics.com/markets/automotive/article/21864097/wireless-charging-of-electric-vehicles
Additional: https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2015/07/f24/vss103_onar_2015_o.pdf
Standards for Inductive
Charging
• The emerging SAE J2954 standard allows
inductive car charging over a pad, with power
delivery up to 11 kW.

• Name: Wireless Power Transfer for Light-Duty

Plug-in/Electric Vehicles and Alignment
Methodology

• Source:
https://www.sae.org/standards/content/j2954/
STANDARDS
C
DETAILS
• Name of standard: Product standard to demonstrate the compliance of base station equipment
with radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure limits
• Standard code: BS EN 50385:2017
• URL:
https://www.en-standard.eu/bs-en-50385-2017-product-standard-to-demonstrate-the-compliance-of-base-
station-equipment-with-radiofrequency-electromagnetic-field-exposure-limits-110-mhz-100-ghz-when-pl
aced-on-the-market/?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIrKDoxr2H5wIVCqsYCh1aLA7qEAAYASAAEgJRt_D_Bw
E
• Name of standard: Global System for Mobile communications (GSM); Mobile Stations (MS)
equipment; Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive
2014/53/EU
• Standard code: DS/EN 301 511 V12.5.1:2017
• URL: https://webshop.ds.dk/en-gb/standard/ds-en-301-511-v12-5-12017
• Name of standard: IMT cellular networks; Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of
article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU
• Standard code: ETSI EN 301 908-1 V11.1.1
• URL:
https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_en/301900_301999/30190801/11.01.01_60/en_30190801v110101p.pdf
• Name of standard: IMT cellular networks; Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of
article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU
• Standard code: ETSI EN 301 908-2 V11.1.2
• URL:
https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_en/301900_301999/30190802/11.01.02_60/en_30190802v110102p.pdf
• Name of standard: Short Range Devices (SRD); Radio equipment in the frequency range 9 kHz to 25
MHz and inductive loop systems in the frequency range 9 kHz to 30 MHz
• Standard code: ETSI EN 300 330 V2.1.1
• URL:https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_en/300300_300399/300330/02.01.01_60/en_300330v020101p.pdf
• Name of standard: Electric vehicle conductive charging system
• Standard code: EN61851-1:2011
• URL: https://standards.globalspec.com/std/13385383/en-iec-61851-1
• Name of standard: Electric Vehicle Conductive Charging System - Part 23: DC Electric Vehicle
Charging Station
• Standard code: IEC 61851-23 Ed. 1.0 b:2014
• URL:
https://webstore.ansi.org/Standards/IEC/IEC6185123Ed2014?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIx8b-icGH5wI
VSeh3Ch329wOBEAAYASAAEgJSgvD_BwE
• Name of standard: Electric vehicle conductive charging system Digital communication between a
d.c. EV charging station and an electric vehicle for control of d.c. charging
• Standard code: EN61851-24:2014
• URL:
https://www.en-standard.eu/bs-en-61851-24-2014-electric-vehicle-conductive-charging-system-digital-co
mmunication-between-a-d-c-ev-charging-station-and-an-electric-vehicle-for-control-of-d-c-charging/?gcl
id=EAIaIQobChMIpa-_1_OH5wIVUMayCh3hqAIIEAAYASAAEgJZX_D_BwE
• Name of standard: ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services;
• Standard code: EN 301 489-1 V2.2.0
• URL:
https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_en/301400_301499/30148901/02.02.00_20/en_30148901v020200a.pdf
• Name of standard: ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services
• Standard code: ETSI EN 301 489-3 V2.1.1
• URL:
https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_en/301400_301499/30148903/02.01.01_60/en_30148903v020101p.pdf
• Name of standard: Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services
• Standard code: ETSI EN 301 489-52 V1.1.0
• URL:
https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_en/301400_301499/30148952/01.01.00_20/en_30148952v010100a.pdf
• Name of standard: Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 1: General requirements
• Standard code: IEC 61851-1:2010
• URL: https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/6029
• Name of standard: Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); ElectroMagnetic
Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services; Part 1: Common technical requirements
• Standard code: ETSI EN 301 489-1 V1.4.1
• URL:
https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_en/301400_301499/30148901/01.04.01_60/en_30148901v010401p.pdf
• Name of standard: Electric vehicle conductive charging system. A.C. electric vehicle charging station
• Standard code: IEC 61851-22:2002
• URL: https://shop.bsigroup.com/ProductDetail/?pid=000000000030009135
• Name of standard: Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 21-2: Electric vehicle
requirements for conductive connection to an AC/DC supply - EMC requirements for off board
electric vehicle charging systems
• Standard code: IEC 61851-21-2:2018 
• URL: https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/31282
• Name of standard: Coaxial communication cables - Part 1: Generic specification - General,
definitions and requirements
• Standard code: IEC 61196-1:2005 
• URL: https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/4864
• Name of standard: Electromobility - Digital communication between a d.c. EV charging station
and an electric vehicle for control of d.c. charging in the Combined Charging System
• Standard code: DIN SPEC 70121
• URL:
https://www.din.de/en/getting-involved/standards-committees/naautomobil/din-spec/wdc-beuth:din21:15
4312843?sourceLanguage&destinationLanguage
• Name of standard: Open charge point interface
• Standard code: OCPI
• URL: https://ocpi-protocol.org/
• Name of standard: Open Charge Point Protocol
• Standard code: OCPP
• URL: https://www.openchargealliance.org/
• Name of standard: Road vehicles — Vehicle to grid communication interface — Part 1: General
information and use-case definition
• Standard code: ISO 15118-1:2013
• URL: https://www.iso.org/standard/55365.html
ADDITIONAL SLIDES
C
E-VIOLIN
• http://www.eviolin.nl/lidmaatschap/ • Üyelik ücreti 2019
• Tam üye: 3.500,00 €
• Yardımcı üye: 500,00 €
 E-clearing.net
• Members of e-clearing.net can currently have
one or more of the following roles:
• Charge Point Operator (CPO)
• E-Mobility Service Provider (eMSP)
• Navigation Service Provider (NSP)
• Parking Spot Operator (PSO)
• Follower

Source: https://e-clearing.net/partners/pricing
Hubject
Plug & Charge Interchange CPO & EMP

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XHhdmLo • CPO
xBYU
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GkM2W50
QKF4
• EMP
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MipS-nzi5t
I