Graphing

Polynomial
Functions
ON THIS
LESSON,
YOU'LL
LEARN
ABOUT GRAPHING A POLYNOMIAL
FUNCTION
FINDING ROOTS AND ZERO OF
A POLYNOMIAL FUNCTION
START UP ACTIVITY
1. Is a function that involves only non-negative integer powers or only positive
integer exponents of a variable in an equation?
POLYNOMIAL
_ ___
POLYNOMIAL _ FUNCTION
_ _ _
FUNCTION

2. Referred to as the x-y plane or the coordinate plane

CARTESIAN
__ _ _ PLANEN
_
PLANE _

3 - 4. Are methods of visualizing the behavior of mathematical functions.

PLOTTING
PLOTTING
__ _ AND
AND GRAPHING
GRAPHING
__ _ _ON

5. Is where the curve in the graph turns

TURNING
TURNING
_ __ POINTN
POIN
__ _
REVIEW
What is a Polynomial Function?
- is a function defined by a polynomial in one
variable.
- a polynomial function is a function that involves
only non-negative integer powers or only positive
integer exponents of a variable in an equation like the
quadratic equation, cubic equation, etc. For example,
2x+5 is a polynomial that has exponent equal to 1.
- The four most common types of polynomials that
are used in precalculus and algebra are zero
polynomial function, linear polynomial function,
quadratic polynomial function, and cubic polynomial
function.
REVIEW
What is a Polynomial Function?
-- A polynomial function is any function of the form
P( x) = a0xⁿ + a1 xn – 1 + a2 xn – 2 + ... + an – 1 x + an
- examples: P(x)= -4x³ - 2x + 3
f(x)= ⅔ x - 1
y(x)= 5x⁴ - 3x³ + 1
- other examples: If P( x) = 3x³ – 2x² + 5 x + 3, find P(–4).

P(–4)= 3(-4)³ -2(-4)² +5(-4)+3

= 3(-64) -2(16) -20+3
= -192 -32 -20 +3
= -241
REVIEW
What is a Polynomial Function?
- If f ( x) = 3x2 – 4x + 5, find f ( x + h).

f(x + h) = 3( x + h )2 - 4 (x + h) + 5
= 3(x2 + 2xh + h2 ) - 4x - 4h + 5
= 3x2 - 6xh - 3h2 - 4x - 4h +5
GRAPHING POLYNOMIAL
FUNCTION
Important Key Points:
• The zeros define the interval where P(x) is positive or negative
• A turning point may be relative maximum or minimum point.
- A point on the graph where the functional values change from
increasing to decreasing (from left to right) is called a relative
maximum point.
- A point on the graph where the functional values change from
decreasing to increasing (from left to right) is called a relative
minimum point.
A polynomial function applied to a real-life situation has a restricted
domain.
GRAPHING POLYNOMIAL FUNCTION

Important Key Points:

• The zeros of a polynomial function, and its multiplicity can be
directly seen or determined in the polynomial's factored form of
equation
• To factor a polynomial, use the Rational Root Theorem, Synthetic
Division, Factor Theorem, or Remainder Theorem.
• To determine at which interval the graph is above or below the
x-axis, use a table of signs. Assign a test value for x in the
interval and solve for y.If the function al value is positive , the
point (or that part of the graph or interval that contains this
point) is above the x-axis. Otherwise, it is below the x-axis.
 Example 1 :

Graph f(x)= (2x-1) (x+4) (x-5).

Solution : The zeros are found by setting f(x)=0 and solving for x
0 = (2x-1)(x+4)(x-5)
By the Zero Product Property
2x-1 = 0 x+4=0 x-5=0
2x=1 x=-4 x=5
x=1/2
Zeros; 1/2, -4 and 5 where y = f(x) = 0
Example 1 :

In these intervals,
These three zeros divide the x-axis into four regions.

In these intervals, f(x) = y ≠ 0, meaning y is either positive (the graph

is above the x-axis) or negative (the graph is below the x-axis).
 Example 1 :

In these intervals,

Plot first the zeros and the y-intercept. Plot the test point and join the
curve. For now, we rely solely on these graphing utilities to provide
turning points. We postpone learning how to compute these turning
points as their studies requires calculus. Verify your graph using
previously learned concepts on end behavior and multiplicity of roots.
Example 1 :

In these intervals, To find the zeros and do the

critical point analysis, the
equation must be in factored
form.
Example 2 :
Graph f(x) = x⁴ - 12x² + 16
In
Tothese intervals,
find the zeros we solve the equation
x⁴ - 12x² + 16 = 0
Factor out x , the common factor
x(x³ - 12x + 16) = 0
Using the rational root theorem, list possible rational roots of
x³ - 12x + 16 = 0
The possible divisors of 16, the constant term, are
c = ±1, ±2, ±4, ±8, ±16.
The possible divisors of 1, the coefficient of x³, are
d = ±1
Hence, the possible rational roots of the equation x³ - 12x + 16 = 0
c/d = ±1, ±2, ±4, ±8, ±16.
 Example 2 :
Check these values for a zero of P(x) = x³ - 12x + 16.
In these P(1)
intervals,
= (-1)³ - 12(1) + 16 = 5
P(12) = (-2)³ - 12(-2) + 16 = 32
P(-4) = (-4)³ - 12(-4) + 16 = 0
Since (-4) is a zero, (x+4) is a factor of the polynomial. Divide the polynomial
by (x+4).
-4 1 0 -12 16
-4 16 -16
1 -4 4 0
The other factor is x² - 4x + 4
Thus we have
x⁴ - 12x² + 16 = 0
x (x³ - 12x + 16) = 0
 Example 2 :
x (x + 4) (x² - 4x + 4) = 0
In these intervals,
x (x+4) (x - 2 )² = 0
The zeros are, 0, -4, and 2 of multiplicity 2.
The table of signs for this function is found below. Each entry refers to the
sign of the value of the given factor of f(x) when a convenient value of x in the
interval selected.
Example 2 :

In these intervals,
The leading coefficient is positive anf
the polynomial function is an even
degree. Thus, the left and right end
behavior is
Since the zeros 0 and -4 are of odd
multiplicity (1), the graph crosses over at
these points. While the zero 2 is of even
multiplicity (2), the graph just touches at
(2,0), but does not cross over the x-axis.
The graph is found over the x-axis
except at -4 < x < 0.
MATH BOOSTER (A)
A. Expand and write the equation in standard form.
• f(x) = x(x - 1) (x + 3)
• g(x) = -2 (x + 5) (x - 1)²
• h(x) = x² (x + 1)²
B. Determine the zeros of each function
• f(x) = (x - 2) (x + 3)
• g(x) = x (x - 3) (x- 4)
• h(x) = (6 - x) (4 + 3x)
• l(x) = (x + 1)² (x² - 4)
C. Write the following equation in factored form.
• f(x) = x² - 2x - 15
• g(x) = 3x³ - 2x² - 5x
• h(x) = x⁴ - 2x³ + 2x² - 2x + 1
MATH BOOSTER (A)
Answers:
A.
1.f(x)= x³ + 2x² - 3x
2.g(x)= -2x³ - 6x² + 18x - 10
3.h(x)= x⁴ + 2x³ + 2x²
B
1.2, -3
2.0, 3, 4
3.6, -4/3
4.-1, 2, -2
C
1.f(x)= (x+3)(x-5)
2.g(x)= x(x+1)(3x-5)
3.h(x)= (x-1)² (x²+1)
MATH BOOSTER (B)
A. Expand and
MATH BOOSTER (C)

Polynomial Function: f(x) = x³ - 2x² - 3x

• Find the factor
• Find the zeros
• Graph the polynomial function
 MATH BOOSTER (C)
Answers:
Factor: x(x + 1)(x - 3)
zeros: -1, 0, 3
Graph:
ADDITIONAL
ACTIVITY
I know that i know about __________
First, I know that __________________
In addition, i know __________________________
Then, I know _______________________________
Finally you know that i know about ___________________
QUIZ

1. A point of the graph where the graph changes from increasing

to decreasing, or decreasing to increasing.
A. Turning Point
B. Polynomial function
C. Relative Maximum Point
D. Relative Minimum Point
QUIZ

2. What are the zeros of the polynomial y=3 (x+4) (x+1) (x-3)?
A. -4, -1, 3
B. 3, -3, 4, 1
C. 4, 1, 3
D. 3, -4, -1, 3
QUIZ

3. Describe the end behaviour of f(x)= -5x⁴ - 2x² + 8

A. Left Side: Rises Right Side: Rises
B. Left Side: Rises Right Side: Falls
C. Left Side: Falls Right Side: Rises
D. Left Side: Falls Right Side: Falls
QUIZ

4. What is a factored form of a function if it has zeros of 2,3 and -

1?
A. (x-2) (x-3) (x+1)
B. (x-1) (x-2) (x-3)
C. (x-1) (x+2) (x+3)
D. (x+1) (x+2) (x+3)
QUIZ

5. What is another way to say “where the function crosses the x-

axis”?
A. X-intercept
B. Zero
C. Root
D. All of these
QUIZ

6. If the graph of a function crosses the x-axis, what does that

mean about the multiplicity of that zero?
A. Even
B. Odd
C. None
D. All of the above
QUIZ

7. If the graph of a function touches the x-axis, what does that

mean about the multiplicity of that zero?
A. Even
B. Odd
C. None
D. All of the Above
QUIZ

8. A point on the graph where the functional values change from

decreasing to increasing is called
A. Relative Maximum Point
B. Relative Minimum Point
C. Minimum and Maximum Point
D. Turning Point
QUIZ

9. Which equation best represents the following graph?

A. y (x) = e²x + ⅑
B. y (x) = - (x + 1)² - 1
C. y (x) = - (x + 1)³ - 1
D. none of the above
QUIZ

10. Which of the graphs below shows a polynomial function?

A. B.

C. D.
QUIZ ( ANSWER KEY)

1. A
2. A
3. D
4. A
5. D
6. A
7. B
8. A
9. C
10. B and D
ASSIGNMENT

1. Show that there are two irrational zeros in f(x) = x⁴ - 6x² +5

2. Explain why (x + 1) is not a factor of the polynomial expression

x³ - 4x

3. A zero of even multiplicity is also a turning point. Explain why

 REFLECTION/FYI
Group Reflection:
-One thing we've learnt is that polynomial functions are used in our
everyday lives in a few different ways. They are used in construction,
architecture, business, arts, and even on farming. Another thing is that it is
important to learn how to graph polynomial functions. In real life, graphing
is important as it helps us in making an analysis.
-We have learned a lot in Polynomial Functions on how to find their roots
and determine how to solve and equate integers powers or positive
exponent of a variable, meanwhile, in the Graphing Polynomial Function, we
have learned that the graph of a polynomial function will touch the x-axis at
zeros with even multiplicities, the graph will cross the x-axis at zeros with
odd multiplicities, and the sum of the multiplicities is the degree of the
polynomial function.
GROUP MEMBERS
-Ablen, Lyndon Matthew
-Pangilinan, Charity Jane
-Tadora, Julie Wendel
-Omega, Roselyn
-Rosario, Noeme
-Zamora, Wensil Faith
THANK
YOU!

READ MORE ABOUT REAL

AND COMPLEX NUMBERS
HERE:
LINK 1
LINK 2