GEOLOGIC PROCESSES

AND HAZARDS
 GEOLOGIC PROCESS

Are naturally occurring events that directly or indirectly

impact the geology of the Earth.

Examples of geologic processes include events such as

plate tectonics, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions,
mountain formation , weathering, erosion , deposition,
flooding, landslides etc.
-an extreme natural event in the crust of the Earth that poses a threat to
life and property, for example, EARTHQUAKES, VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS, TSUNAMIS AND LANDSLIDES.
GROUND SHAKING
• VIBRATION OF THE
GROUND.
TSUNAMI
Giant waves
 LIQUEFACTION

• Happens when soil

liquefies during
ground shaking.
 LANDSLIDE

•Movement of a mass of
rock, debris, or earth
down a slope.
SIMPLIFIED CLASSIFICATION OF MAJOR GEOLOGIC HAZARDS

GEOLOGIC EVENT HAZARDS THEY CAUSE

EARTHQUAKE A. Ground Shaking
B. Surface Faulting
C. Landslide and Liquefaction
1. Rock avalanches
2. rapid soil flows
3. rock falls
D. Tsunamis
SIMPLIFIED CLASSIFICATION OF MAJOR GEOLOGIC HAZARDS

GEOLOGIC EVENT HAZARDS THEY CAUSE

VOLCANIC A. Tephra falls and ballistic
ERUPTION projectiles
B. Pyroclastic phenomena
C. Lahars ( mud flows ) floods
D. Lava flows and domes
E. Tsunamis
PYROCLASTIC FLOW
 1. In the table below, put a check on the hazards that you have
experienced in your locality. Then, explain why these hazards
happened to our country.
Ground Shaking Liquefaction Landslides Tsunami

2. Why is the Philippines prone to geologic hazard?

GEOLOGIC PROCESSES
AND HAZARDS
 •Using hazard maps,
Learning identify places in the
Objectives: Philippines that are prone
to geologic hazards like
earthquakes, volcanic
eruptions, and landslides
using hazard map
 Learning
Objectives: •Identify human activities
that speed up or trigger
landslides
USING HAZARD MAPS TO IDENTIFY HAZARD-PRONE AREAS
WHY IS THE PHILIPPINES PRONE TO
DIFFERENT HAZARDS AND NATURAL
DISASTERS?
THE
PHILIPPIN
ES’
GEOGRAP
HIC •The country is in a unique location
LOCATION because it rests in the PACIFIC TYPHOON
BELT And PACIFIC RING OF FIRE.
The Pacific Ring of Fire is a home to over 75%of the
world’s active and dormant volcanoes. Because of its
geographic location, our country is among the greatest
hazard and disaster- prone in the world.
 DEFINITION OF TERMS

1. GEOLOGIC PROCESS
• natural forces that shape the physical make-up of the planet.
These forces cause movement of plates in the Earth’s crust, the
area where human kind lives. As these processes occur from time
to time, it poses continuous hazard to people, community and
society.

2. HAZARD
a phenomenon caused by natural or human forces
which poses threat to humans, animals, properties and
environment. It can be natural or anthropogenic ( man-
made)
 DEFINITION OF TERMS

3. HAZARD MAP
• A map that illustrates areas that are
exposed or prone to a particular hazard.

• They are used for natural hazards such as

landslides, flooding, volcanic eruptions and
tsunami. It is also used to mitigate the
potential negative effects of these hazards.
In the Philippines, government agencies and private
research institutions create hazard maps to prevent
damages in the event of earthquakes, volcanic
eruptions and landslides

DENR - MGB NAMRIA MANILA

OBSERVATORY
 PARTS OF
HAZARD MAP
1.TITLE OF THE MAP
2.LEGENDS AND
SYMBOLS
3.NORTH ARROW
4.SCALE OF THE MAP
ZAMBALES GROUND
SHAKING HAZARD MAP
( source: namria.gov.ph)
HUMAN ACTIVITIES THAT TRIGGER
LANDSLIDES
 LANDSLIDE
• An occurrence in which
soil, rocks and vegetal
debris are transported
suddenly or slowly
down a slope due to
insufficient stability.
It is also known as landslips, slumps
or slope failure.
HUMAN ACTIVITIES THAT SPEED UP OR TRIGGER LANDSLIDES

• A. OVERLOADING SLOPES
- dumping or piling of materials onto a slope
B. MINING which uses explosives underground
C. EXCAVATION OR DISPLACEMENT OF ROCKS
D. LAND USE SUCH AS MODIFICATION OF SLOPES BY
CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, BUILDINGS,
HOUSES, ETC.
 HUMAN ACTIVITIES THAT SPEED UP OR TRIGGER LANDSLIDES

E. QUARRYING
F. LAND POLLUTION
- the degradation of Earth’s land surface
exploitation of minerals and improper use of soil by
inadequate agricultural practices.
 HUMAN ACTIVITIES THAT SPEED UP OR TRIGGER LANDSLIDES

G. EXACAVATION
-pertains to exposure, processing and recording
of archeological remains.

H. CUTTING OF TREES that can lead to deforestation

and may encourage landslide
ASSIGNMENT:

• WHY IS PALAWAN, THE LARGEST

ISLAND PROVINCE IN THE
PHILIPPINES , CONSIDERED THE
“MOST STABLE” ISLAND IN THE
COUNTRY?
 What are the places do you think have been
affected by geologic hazards for the past decade?
Use the Philippine map on the right side.

Geologic Hazard
Volcanic Eruptions
Landslides
Volcanic Eruption