ED-S/ES

By Nguyễn Công Tiền

 /id/: / t, d /
wanted /wɔ /w ntid/, needed/ni:did/

/t/: /ʃ,
/ tʃ, s, f, k,p/
ED washed /wɔʃt/,
/w watched /wɔtʃt/
/w
crossed /krɔst/,
/kr laughed /lɑːft/
/l
liked /laɪ
/la kt/, stopped /stɔpt/
/st
/d/ THE REST:
played /pleɪ
/ple d/, lived /lɪ
/l vd/
By Nguyễn Công Tiền
 /iz/: / ʃ, tʃ, dʒ, s, z /
washes /wɔʃiz/,
/w teaches /ti:tʃiz/
/ti:t
changes / tʃeɪndʒiz /, bosses / bɔ b siz /,
closes / kləʊziz /
S/ES /s/: / f, k, t, p, θ/
laughs /lɑːfs/, likes /laɪla ks/,
wants /wɔnts/,
/w jumps/ dʒʌmps/,
months /m˄nθsm˄n /
/z/  THE REST
stays /steɪ
/ste z/, goes /gəʊ
/g z/

By Nguyễn Công Tiền

/s/, /z/, /iz/ at the end of
words
Likes washes
works closes
takes Suburbs
visits houses
miles gardens
picks weeks
owns pets
goes children’s
remembers bedrooms
sports
comes hours
watches buses
kisses says
rises
The three different
pronunciations of –ed in
irregular past tense verbs:
/d/, /t/, /id/
helped jumped last rush
offered waited close part
reached end help hand
saved watch land cross
missed count use sign
started stay hope earn
lived need want paint
needed call walk drop
discovered push cook burn
looked spell rent laugh
called plant live seem
tried clean share plan
invited ask move wait
asked point shop wash
 United Nations
It is often said that if we did not have the United Nations, it would have to be
invented, but what exactly is it and what does it do? And what authority does it
have?
The United Nations (UN) was established in 1945, at the end of the Second World
War. At that time 51 countries were members of the organisation, but that
number has now grown to 189 (nearly all of the countries in the world), known as
'Member States'. The organisation is based in New York.
When they join the UN, all Member States agree to accept an international
agreement called the UN Charter. This document contains the aims and beliefs of
the UN, the way that it is organised and the standards of behaviour that are
expected of its members. The Charter states that the four main objectives of the
UN are:

1 to maintain international peace and security

2 to develop friendly relations between countries
3 to co-operate in solving international problems and in promoting respect for
human rights
4 to be a centre for harmonising the actions of nations.
So how is it all organised?
The General Assembly is a sort of international parliament. Representatives of all
the Member States meet to discuss the world's problems, what should be done
about them, and the administration of the whole United Nations Organisation.
The General Assembly meets at least once a year (in September) - or more often if
there are serious problems to discuss. Each Member State has one vote in any
decision and important decisions can only be taken with the agreement of two
thirds of the representatives. The Assembly's decisions are recommendations - a
government can't be forced to do what the Assembly says, but these
recommendations are powerful because they represent world opinion on any
particular issue.

The Security Council is the part of the UN which is responsible for international
peace and security. There are 15 members of the Security Council. Five members
are permanent (The Russian Federation, The United Kingdom, The United States,
France and China) and the other 10 members are elected by the General
Assembly for a period of two years. At the moment, the temporary members are
Mauritius, Mexico, Norway, Singapore, The Syrian Arab Republic, Bulgaria,
Cameroon, Colombia,
Guinea and Ireland. Each member has one vote. Important decisions can only be
made if there are nine votes in favour, and this must include the votes of each one
of the five permanent members. The Security Council is the only part of the UN
that can force Member States to accept its decisions or 'resolutions'. If a Member
State does not accept a resolution then the UN will first try to solve the problem in
a peaceful way. However, if the situation continues it can agree to military action
against the government involved.

The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) is the part of the UN which
co-ordinates the work of all the UN agencies, commissions and programmes
operating all over the world. All of these together are known as 'The United
Nations Family of Organisations'. This includes organisations such as The United
Nations Children's Fund, (UNICEF) , The United Nations Educational, Scientific
and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) both based in Paris, France, and The
World Health Organization, (WHO) based in Geneva, Switzerland. ECOSOC
covers all the UN work in areas such as economic and social progress, health,
culture, education, human rights, crime, outer space, the environment, and many
more. The Council has 54 members elected by the General Assembly for periods
of three years.
The International Court of Justice, based in The Hague, Netherlands, is the UN
court. It started in 1946. The 15 judges (who must all be of different nationalities)
are elected by the General Assembly and the Security Council. The court makes
decisions about disputes between countries according to international law, and
also gives legal opinions to the General Assembly and Security Council when
necessary. Member States can't be forced to take part in Court of Justice
investigations but if they do agree to participate they must accept the Court's final
decision.

The Secretariat does all of the day-to-day administration of the UN Organisation.

Nearly 9,000 people of many different nationalities work in this section in offices
all over the world. The head of the Secretariat is the Secretary-General, who is
also the 'public face' of the UN. The current Secretary-General is Kofi Annan
from Ghana. The Secretary-General is a highly respected world figure.