INTRODUCTION

TO THE
PHILOSOPHY OF
THE HUMAN
PERSON
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 LESSON 1: DOING
PHILOSOPHY
⬤Definition of Philosophy
⬤Nature and Functions of Philosophy
⬤Core Branches of Philosophy
⬤Development of Philosophy
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 Definition of Philosophy
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 Philosophy
A. Etymological definition
Philosophy comes from the two Greek words philo
meaning “love” or “friendship” and sophia meaning
“wisdom.” Thus, philosophy means “love of wisdom.”
B. Technical definition
Philosophy is defined as “the science of beings in their
ultimate reasons, causes, and principles acquired by the
aid of human reason alone (Bittle, 1984).”
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 Philosophy is a science
-acquiring a certain kind of
knowledge. Philosophy is a science
because the questioning is given more
importance than the answers to the
questions, since answers can become
questions themselves. (Babor,2007)
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 Philosophy is a science of beings
- It covers all the things that can
be reached by the human mind.
This includes man, the world, God,
everything that is, or becomes, or is
known.
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 Philosophy searches for the ultimate
reasons, causes and principles of
beings.

- This means that philosophy studies

the ultimate “whys and wherefores” of
beings.
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 Philosophy uses the power or
natural light of reason

- Philosophy doesn’t base its

knowledge on authority, but solely on
the reasoning power of the human
mind.
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 Nature and Functions of Philosophy
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 Three general statements that attempt to explain what
philosophy is all about
Philosophy integrates itself with other disciplines
to achieve a comprehensive and coherent worldview.

Philosophy analyzes the very foundations of

other disciplines.

Philosophy analyzes and criticizes treasured

beliefs and traditions.
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 4 Core Branches of
Philosophy
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 Metaphysics
Greek word metaphysika-beyond
physics, which deals with the true nature
of reality.
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 Epistemology-
Greek words episteme-knowledge and
logos-study, which deals with the study of
the nature and scope of knowledge and
justified beliefs.
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 Two significant domains

⬤ Rationalism-views reason that person born with

innate knowledge.
⬤ Empiricism- assert that person knowledge comes
from the five senses.
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 Ethics
Moral philosophy, from the Greek word
ethos- custom or habit
It is discipline which aims to synthesize
the concepts of right and wrong behavior
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 Three significant domains
⬤ Metaethics- focusing on the meaning of ethical terms such as “good and Bad”
⬤ Normative ethics- concerned with the setting of what is morally wrong and
morally right.
⬤ Applied ethics- domain of moral philosophy that attempts to apply theories to
situations in real life
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 Aesthetics-
Greek word aithetikos-of sense
perception. Deals with the nature and
appreciation of art, beauty, and good
taste.
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 Development of Philosophy
1.Pre-Socratic Philosophy
In this era philosophy explain the origin
of things, which physical word through
myths and gods. The goal is to discover
the unifying element that could explain
all natural causes and nature itself.
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 Well known philosopher in this period:
Thales-believe that universe(cosmos) made up
of water
Anaximander- principles of things was
apeiron or infinite and limitless
Anaximenes- believe air was the first
principle
Heraclitus- believe fire was the first principle
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 2. Classical Philosophy
Defined as the set of beliefs,
assumptions, and analysis of
experience, together with the
intellectual edifice erected upon them,
worked out by Ancient Greek
philosophers.
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 Socrates- Philosopher of ethics who introduce a
system of critical and reasoning to draw the line
between right and wrong, between moral and evil.
Plato- (best student of Socrates) he was known as
Platonic realism- he claimed that the road toward
true life of the soul was a path of purification, where
man should exert effort to reach genuine wisdom.
Aristotle- (students of Plato) Father of Logic
formalize a system of reasoning,
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THANK
YOU!
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