Cellular

Respiration
How our body makes ATP, ENERGY!!
Engage
ATP Gun
Adenosine Tri-Phosphate
(ATP)
Adenosine
Ribose Sugar
3 Phosphates

November 6, 2022
November 6, 2022
Explore:
Cellular Respiration Simulation

November 6, 2022
Explain:
Where do our cells get energy?

6-C sugars are the MAJOR source

of energy for cell
What type of macromolecule are 6-
C sugars?
Carbohydrates
Cells break down glucose a 6-C
sugar to make ATP “energy”

November 6, 2022
Overall Chemical Process

C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + usable energy

(ATP)

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Cellular Respiration (3-stages)

Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Glucose

Glycolysis Krebs Electron

cycle transport

Fermentation Alcohol or
(without oxygen) lactic acid
November 6, 2022
November 6, 2022
 Flowchart
Section 9-2

Cellular Respiration

Carbon
Dioxide
Glucose (CO2)
(C6H1206) Electron
Krebs +
+ Glycolysis Transport Water
Cycle
Oxygen Chain (H2O)
(02)
+
ATP
November 6, 2022
 Figure 9–3 Glycolysis
Glycolysis:
Step 1

Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid

To the electron
transport chain
 Figure 9–3 Glycolysis
Section 9-1

Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid

To the electron
transport chain
 Figure 9–3 Glycolysis
Section 9-1

Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid

To the electron
transport chain
 Where Cytoplasm
NO O2 required
Energy Yield net gain of 2 ATP at the
expense of 2 ATP
6-C glucose  TWO 3-C pyruvates
Free e- and H+ combine with organic ion
carriers called NAD+  NADH + H+
(nicotinamide dinucleotide)

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Summary
• In • Out
Glucose (6-C) 2 pyruvate; 2(3-C)
2 ATP 2NADH
a net of 2 ATP

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Questions

Where does glycolysis take place?

Glycolysis energy yield?
Breaks glucose into TWO ________.

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November 6, 2022
 The Krebs Cycle
Section 9-2

Citric Acid
Production
Mitochondrion
 Figure 9–6 The Krebs Cycle
Section 9-2

Citric Acid
Production
Mitochondrion
Breakdown of Pyruvic Acid
• Where
mitochondria
• Pyruvate (3-C) 
Acetic acid (2-C)
• 3rd C forms CO2
• Acetic acid
combines with
Coenzyme A to
form ACETYL-CoA

November 6, 2022
Summary
• In • Out
Pyruvate CO2 (as waste)
NAD NADH
CoA Acetyl-CoA

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What is releasing Energy with O2?

Aerobic respiration
Where In mitochondria

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Second Step: Citric Acid Cycle
(Krebs Cycle)
Where Mitochondrial matrix
Energy Yield 2 ATP and more e-
Acetyl-CoA (2-C) combines with 4-C to form
6-C CITRIC ACID
Citric Acid (6-C) changed to 5-C then to a 4-C
Gives off a CO2 molecule
NAD+ and FAD pick up the released e-
FAD becomes FADH2
NAD+ becomes NADH + H+
Cycle ALWAYS reforming a 4-C molecule

November 6, 2022
Krebs Cycle

November 6, 2022
 The Krebs Cycle
Section 9-2

Citric Acid
Production
Mitochondrion
 Figure 9–6 The Krebs Cycle
Section 9-2

Citric Acid
Production
Mitochondrion
ETC

Where inner membrane of

mitochondria
Energy Yield Total of 32 ATP
O2 combines with TWO H+ to form
H2O
Exhale - CO2, H2O comes from
cellular respiration

November 6, 2022
  Electron Transport Chain
Section 9-2

Electron Transport
Hydrogen Ion Movement
Channel Mitochondrion

Intermembrane
Space
ATP synthase

Inner
Membrane

Matrix
ATP Production
Summary

Mitochondrion

Electrons carried in NADH

Electrons carried in
Pyruvic acid NADH and FADH2

Glucose Krebs Cycle

Electron Transport
Chain
Glycolysis

Mitochondrion

Cytoplasm
Total ENERGY Yield

Glycolysis 2 ATP
Krebs Cycle 2 ATP
ETC  32 ATP

Total 36 ATP

November 6, 2022
Elaboration

Respiration Lab
Three experiments that review and
further explain the process of cellular
respiration

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What happens if NO O2?

• Cellular respiration process STOPS

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Aerobic vs. Anaerobic

• Anaerobic • Aerobic requires

DOES NOT oxygen
require oxygen • Yields large
• Simple amounts of energy
• fast • What is this energy
• produces molecule?
smaller amounts • ATP, ATP, ATP

of energy (ATP)

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November 6, 2022
Releasing Energy w/out Oxygen

Anaerobic Respiration
NO Additional ATP is Formed

NO O2 leads to Fermentation
Two Types
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Alcoholic Fermentation

November 6, 2022
Lactic Acid Fermentation
bacteria, plants and most animals

After glycolysis
2 pyruvic acid changed to lactic acid

Sometimes happens in your muscles,

cramps-----Exercise

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November 6, 2022
Alcoholic Fermentation
Bacteria and fungi (yeast)

Ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide are

the end products

Process used to form beer, wine, and

other alcoholic beverages
Also used to raise dough, bread

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November 6, 2022
Cellular Respiration Review

Three Main Stages

Glycolysis (2 ATP)
Kreb’s Cycle (2 ATP)
Electron Transport Chain (32 ATP)

November 6, 2022
 Figure 9–3 Glycolysis
Glycolysis:
Step 1

Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid

To the electron
transport chain
 Figure 9–3 Glycolysis
Section 9-1

Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid

To the electron
transport chain
 Figure 9–3 Glycolysis
Section 9-1

Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid

To the electron
transport chain
 The Krebs Cycle: Step 2
Section 9-2

Citric Acid
Production
Mitochondrion
 Figure 9–6 The Krebs Cycle
Section 9-2

Citric Acid
Production
Mitochondrion
  Electron Transport Chain: Step 3
Section 9-2

Electron Transport
Hydrogen Ion Movement
Channel Mitochondrion

Intermembrane
Space
ATP synthase

Inner
Membrane

Matrix
ATP Production
Evaluation

Cellular Respiration Concept Map

November 6, 2022