INSTITUTE of teacher education

BACHELOR OF EDUCATION FINAL

YEAR PRESENTATION
SESSION 2020-22
Made BY :- shalinI CHaUDHARY
B.ED-2ND YEAR
SUBJECT - SCIENCE
 Describing Motion

• Motion :- Motion is the change in position

of a body with time.
• Motion can be described in terms of the (i)
distance moved or the (ii)displacement
(i)Distance moved is the actual length of the
path travelled by a body.
(ii)Displacement is the length of the shortest
path travelled by a body from initial
position to it’s final position.
Example of the motion

The average speed

of bullet train is
320km/hrs

A car is in
motion.

Motion of the
Ball
Downward.
Uniform motion and Non
uniform motion
• i) Uniform motion :- If a body
travels equal distances in equal
intervals of time, it is said to be
in
uniform motion.
•
ii) Non uniform motion :- If
a body travels unequal distances
in
equal intervals of time, it is said
to
 Example
The movement of
clock’s hand and
movement of
pendulum is the
example of uniform
motion
A movement of a asteroid
and the bouncing of ball is
the example of non
uniform motion.
• Speed :- of a body is the distance travelled
by the body in unit time.
Speed =
• Distance/Time
If a body travels a distance s in
time t then
its speed v is v = s/t
• The SI unit of speed is meter per second
m/s or ms -1 . Since speed has
only
 Example

The red car is at the speed of

30m/s
And,
The gray car is at the speed of
40m/s
 Average speed
Average speed :- is the
ratio of the total distance
travelled to the total
time taken.
 Example Problems

Q. A car travels 85km from point A to B , then 45km

from point B to C . The total time took was 1.3
hrs.
What was the average speed of the Car?

Solution of the problem

Total distance=Distance covered i)A to B + ii)B to C
85km + 45km= 130km
Total Time = 1.3 hrs
Average speed = Total Distance Covered/Total time
=> 130/1.3 km/hrs
=> 100km/hrs
•The quantity which specifies both the
direction of motion and speed is
velocity.
•Velocity of a body is the
displacement of the body per unit time.
Velocity =Displacement/time taken

• Since velocity has both magnitude and

direction, it is a vector quantity.
 Example

Speed with
Direction is known
as Velocity
 Average Velocity
• Average velocity :- is the ratio of
the total displacement to the total time
taken.
• Average velocity =Total Displacement/Total
Time.
• Average velocity is also the mean of the
initial velocity u and final velocity v.
• Average velocity= (initial velocity + finial
velocity)/2
or
(u+v)/2
• Speed and velocity have
 Example
Problem
Q. If a car changes its speed from 10m/s to
20m/s in just 5 sec. What is the average
velocity of the car?
Sol. u = 10m/s time taken v =
20m/s = 5sec
Average velocity = (u + v)/2
(20m/s + 10m/s)/2
30/2 m/s
15 m/s
 The quantity which specifies changes
in velocity is acceleration.

Acceleration-is the rate of change of velocity.

• Acceleration = (Final velocity – initial velocity) / time.
• If the velocity of a body changes from initial value u to
final value v in time t, then acceleration a is
a = (v-u) /t
• The SI unit of acceleration is m / s2
 Example

Four different ways to accelerate a car.

Distance –Time Graph
• Motion can be represented on the
distance time graph.
• In the graph, distance is taken on the y
– axis and time is taken on the x – axis.
• The distance time graph for uniform
speed is a straight line.
• This is because in uniform speed a body
travels equal distances in equal intervals
of time.
 Example

Graphical representation of
Uniform Motion
Derivation of three formula of
motion
• Let a body is moving with initial velocity ‘u’
and accelerated with uniform
acceleration ‘a’ it’s velocity become ‘v’
after time ‘t’ sec. In the meantime it
covers the distance ‘s’
• The terms would be in
• Acceleration (a) -> m/s2
• Initial (u) and final (v) velocity ->
m/s
• Time (t) -> sec
• Distance (s) -> m
1st Equation of motion

• Acceleration = (v – u)/t a = (v
- u)/t
 at = v – u
 v = u + at

1st
equation
of motion
 2ndEquation of
motion
• Average velocity = (v + u)/2
• Distance Travelled = Av. Velocity + time
s = (v + u)/2 x t
Put v = u + at
 s = (u + at + u)/2 x t
 s = (2u+at)/2 x t
 s = (2ut + at2) /2
s = ut + ½ at2 nd
2
Equation of
motion
3rdEquation of
motion
• We know that v = u + at
v – u = at
 (v - u)/a = t
• Put t = (v – u)/a in eq. s = ut + ½ at2
s = u{(v – u)/a} + ½a {(v-u)/2} 2
s = (uv - u2)/a + ½a{(v2 + u2 -2uv)/a2}
 s = (uv - u2)/a + ½(v2 + u2 -2uv)/a
 s = (uv - u2)/a + (v2 + u2 -2uv)/2a
s = (2uv - 2u2 + v2 + u2 -2uv)/2a
s = (v2 - u2 )/2a
 2as = v2 - u2 3rd
Equation
of motion
 Circular
motion
• The motion of a body in a circular path is
called circular motion.
• Uniform circular motion :- If a
body
moves in a circular path with uniform speed, its
• motion
Uniformis circular motion circular
called uniform is accelerated
motion.motion
because in a circular motion a body continuously
changes its direction.
• The circumference of a circle of radius r is
given by 2лr. If a body takes time t to go once
around the circular path, then the velocity v is
given by
v = 2лr/t
Example