GLOBAL DIVIDES:

THE NORTH AND THE SOUTH

LEARNING OUTCOMES

• DEFINE THE TERM, ‘GLOBAL

SOUTH’
• DIFFERENTIATE THE GLOBAL
SOUTH FROM THE THIRD
WORLD
• ANALYZE HOW A NEW
CONCEPT OF GLOBAL
RELATIONS EMERGED FROM
THE EXPERIENCES OF LATIN
AMERICAN COUNTRIES
CONFIGURING
• UN's Human Rights
Chief Just Went There
on Myanmar 'Seems
like a textbook
example of ethnic
cleansing'
 For decades, Rohingya, an ethnic Muslim
minority group, in Myanmar, a
predominantly Buddhist country, have
faced institutionalized discrimination, such
as exclusionary citizenship laws.
The Myanmar
government launched a
military campaign in
2017 that forced seven
hundred thousand
Rohingya to flee.
Rights groups suspect
the government has
committed genocide
against the Rohingya,
but officials deny the
accusations. 
ADVANCING
IDENTIFY THE NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
IS YOUR
GUESS,
RIGHT?
GLOBAL NORTH GLOBAL SOUTH
HOME OF ALL THE MEMBERS OF G8 AFRICA, LATIN AMERICA
AND TO FOUR OF THE FIVE PERMANENT
MEMBERS OF UN SECURITY
UNITED STATES, CANADA, WESTERN DEVELOPING ASIA, INCLUDING MIDDLE
EUROPE EAST
DEVELOPED PARTS OF AISA AUSTRALIA
NEW ZEALAND
CONCEPT
OF GLOBAL
RELATIONS
MAJOR PREMISE

• The underdevelopment of certain

states/peoples and their lack of
representations in global political
process is a reality
PREVALEN • Imbalances of Aggregate economics and
political power between states Interstate
T dimensions
GLOBAL
SOUTH
GLOBAL SOUTH

• refers to
economically
disadvantaged
nation-states
and as a post-
cold war
alternative to
“Third World.” 
THE STARBUCKS AND
THE SHANTY
There are
Starbucks
branches in
both Melbourne
and Manila,
New York and
New Delhi.
• In Manila and New Delhi,
there is a good chance that
upon leaving the coffee shop,
you will meet a child beggar
in tattered clothes or walk a
block or two, with your latte
still hot, you will find a
shanty town
There is something
more confronting
about poverty in the
global south, and the
north/south divide is as
visible as the processes
of globalization that
engender it
MAJOR LENSES: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
 LIBERALISM/
REALISM CONSTRUCTIVISM

North vs. South

MARXISM POST MODERNISM

REALISM
• Realism is a straightforward approach to
international relations, stating that all
nations are working to increase their own
power, and those countries that manage
to horde power most efficiently will thrive,
as they can easily eclipse the
achievements of less powerful nations.
LIBERALISM

• Also called “liberal

internationalism,”
liberalism is based on
the belief that the
current global system is
capable of engendering
a peaceful world order.
CONSTRUCTIVISM
• Constructivism rests on
the notion that rather
than the outright pursuit
of material interests, it is
a nation’s belief systems
—historical, cultural and
social —that explain its
foreign policy efforts and
behavior.
MARXISM

• Marxism, a theory that closely

analyzes social classes, aims to
dismantle the capitalist
structure of the international
system, as it states that
capitalism is no longer
practically sustainable in the
modern world. 
POST-MODERNISM

•  Described as “a critical
attitude” that focuses
on the question of
representation and
explores the ways in
which dominant
framings of world
politics produce and
reproduce relations of
power
THANK YOU