Covalent structures

•Topic 4.3
•3.rd lesson
•Allotropy
•Carbon
•Diamond
•Graphene
•Fullerene
•Silicon dioxide
 Allotropy

Is a phenomenon where some elements exist

in different forms, in the same physical state.
• The atoms are bounded together in a
different way.
• Example regular molecular oxygen and
ozone
 Instructions for groupworks
• Form five groups.
• Each group will be given a topic.
• Create a PowerPoint presentation of your subject. (Remember to cite correctly and include your names).
• Each topic contains guidelines for you to look into.
• You will present these sheets in the end of the lesson.
• You have now X minutes!
• These presentations will be available in a Moodle. Everybody sees them.
These materials are for your own use! The better the better.
So when ready  Save as PDF and send them to Teacher.
• Remember to write references!
• Couple useful links:

https://chem.libretexts.org/ ChemWiki
https://www.ck12.org/student/ CK-12
 How to cite correctly use APA
How to cite to a web page:
• Author, Topic, date of cite, link
• Example: Ben Mills, Ozone, cited 20.11.2017
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Ozone-resonance-Le
wis-2D.png/400px-Ozone-resonance-Lewis-2D.png

How to cite to a book:

• Author in form: LAST NAME. FIRST INITIAL (year published), Title, Edition, City
published, Publisher
• Example: Neuss. G (2014), Chemistry for IB diploma, 2nd ed., Oxford, Oxford
university press
 How to use citations, use APA
Example if we have bibliography:

[1] Ozone, cited 20.11.2017, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone

[2] Neuss. G (2014), Chemistry for IB diploma, 2nd ed. Oxford, Oxford university press

We use these in text:

Ozone is blue gas (“Ozone”, 2019). It has resonance structures (Neuss, 2014). Resonance
structures are used in Lewis structures (Neuss, 2014)….

First reference in text gets the first number!

HOKS!
Good representation is not only
reading EVERYTHING from word to
word you have written on PowerPoint…
• You can use picture, helpwords, jokes
etc.
• Speak clearly to your audience

• I wonder where the name PowerPoint

comes from…
Topics
1. Diamond
2. Graphite
3. Graphene
4. C60 Fullerene
5. Silicon dioxide SiO2 (quartz)

Minimum requirements are in the following slides:

 1. Diamond
• Structure
• Physical properties
• Picture
• Applications

• Cheek is a popular Finnish artist. He has a song called

’’Timantit on ikuisia’’ (Diamonds are forever). Why is this
hideous claim and it makes teacher mad?
 2. Graphite
• Structure
• Physical properties
• Picture
• Applications

• In Finnish we call regular pencils as ’’lyijykynä’’ (lead

pencil). Why is this preposterous?
 3. Graphene

• Structure
• Physical properties
• Picture
• Applications

• Find out the average distance between 2 carbon atoms in

Graphene.
YOU are about to visit ISS (International Space Station) via
graphene nanotube elevator. How many carbon atoms long this
elevator would be?
 4. C60 Fullerene

• Structure
• Physical properties
• Picture
• Applications

Can C60 fullerene be synthesized on its own? Find out and explain the
process of creating C60 fullerene.
 5. Silicon dioxide SiO2

• Structure
• Physical properties
• Picture
• Applications
• Amorphous what does that mean?

In old structures window glasses are thicker in the bottom than top.
People say that this is due to glass flow. Confirm or bust this!
 Can’t get enought? Check these:
• IB Alchemy
https://ibalchemy.com/4-0/
• Richard Thornley
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL816Qsrt2Os0K7TZ01RZn
C9roJvmf40KJ
•
Exercises from topic 4.3
• 25
• 26
 Citations
• Brown Catrin, Ford Mike, Pearson Baccalaureate Chemistry Higher Level 2014,
2nd edition.
• Resonance, I did it myself : ), Cited 2020
• Group project, cited 2020
https://www.pinterest.ca/pin/48132289753282523/
• Terrible, cited 2021
https://en.dopl3r.com/memes/dank/when-your-group-does-a-horrible-presentat
ion-but-at-least-its-over-functional-groups-of-chemstry-ce-a-s-crn-caafts-alat-fc
ile-elalflfo/844438