COMPRESSOR

Presentation Outline
Introduction Compressed Air Systems Types of Compressors Rotary Screw Compressors ARL Compressed Air Requirements

INTRODUCTION
Compressors used to increase the pressure of a compressible fluid (air or gas) Compresses air from 35 psi up to 65000 psi

Compressed Air Systems

Main Components of Compressed Air System: Intake air filters Inter-stage coolers After coolers Air dryers Moisture drain traps Receivers

Selection Criteria of a Compressor

Efficiency at full, partial and no load Noise level Size Oil carry-over Vibration Maintenance Capacity Pressure

Types of Compressors

Types of Compressors
Positive Displacement (PD): Operate by trapping a specific volume of gas and forcing it into a smaller volume  2 Basic Designs for PD Compressors
Rotary Reciprocating

Types of Compressors
Dynamic: Operate by accelerating the gas and converting the energy to pressure
 2 Basic Designs for Dynamic/Continuous Flow Compressors Centrifugal Axial

Rotary Compressors
Rotor instead of pistons: continuous discharge Benefits: low cost, compact, low weight, easy to maintain 4 Primary Types  Rotary Screw  Sliding Vane  Lobe  Liquid Ring

Rotary Screw Compressor

Continuous sweeping motion cause very little pulsation or surging of flow Operates with 2 helical rotors that rotate toward each other, causing the teeth to mesh Rotation forces the gases to become trapped in the central cavity

Oil Free Screw Compressor

Compression of air entirely through the action of the screws, without the assistance of an oil seal Used where entrained oil carry-over is not acceptable, such as medical research and semiconductor manufacturing

Oil Flooded Screw Compressor

Injection of oil into the compression cavities to aid sealing and provide cooling sink for the gas charge Separation of oil from the discharge stream, cooling, filtration and recycling Oil captures non-polar particulates from the incoming air

Rotary Screw Compressor Process Description

ARL Compressed Air Requirements

Type Driver Type Cooling Type Sound Level Applicable Standard Normal Capacity Normal Discharge Pressure Maximum Discharge Pressure Compressed Air Quality Unloader Type Inlet Dry Bulb Temperature Average Barometric Pressure Altitude Normal Discharge Temperature Oil Flooded Screw compressor Electric Motor Driven Air Cooled 85 db (A)/meter (Max) API 619 28.3 m3/min (1000) SCFM 7.2 kg/cm2g 7.9 kg/cm2g Oil free Automatic -2 to 50C 0.9723 kg/cm2 a 509 meters 58C (Air Cooler Outlet)

ARL Compressed Air Requirements

Number of dryer vessels Dew point temperature specification Max. allowable solid particle size in instrument air product Normal Dryer Inlet Pressure Lead Compressor Unloading Lead Compressor Loading Lag Compressor Unloading Lag Compressor Loading Plant Air Supply Cut-Off Emergency Shutdown Initiation Two -40C (Class II) 0.1 g/m3 for particles size above 1 micron (Class II) 7.2 kg/cm2 g 7.2 kg/cm2 g 6.8 kg/cm2 g 7 kg/cm2 g 6.6 kg/cm2 g 5.8 kg/cm2 g 4.8 kg/cm2 g