INTERMOLECULAR FORCES

PROPERTIES OF SUBSTANCES IN
RELATION TO
INTERMOLECULAR FORCES
 INTERMOLECULAR FORCES
Intermolecular forces, often abbreviated to
IMF, are the attractive and repulsive forces
that arise between the molecules of a
substance. These forces mediate the
interactions between individual molecules of
a substance. Intermolecular forces are
responsible for most of the physical and
chemical properties of matter.
PROPERTIES OF SUBSTANCE IN RELATION TO
INTERMOLECULAR FORCES

Intermolecular forces are the forces that

bind two molecules together. Physical
properties are affected by the strength of
intermolecular forces. Melting, boiling, and
freezing points increase as intermolecular
forces increase. Vapor pressure decreases
as intermolecular forces increase
GENERAL TYPES OF INTERMOLECULAR FORCES

• Dipole – dipole forces

• Hydrogen Bond
• London Dispersion Forces
• Ion – dipole Forces
• Intramolecular Forces
DIPOLE – DIPOLE FORCES

Are attractive forces

between the positive
end of one polar
molecule and the
negative end of another
polar molecule.
HYDROGEN BOND
Hydrogen bonding is a special
type of dipole-dipole attraction
between molecules, not a
covalent bond to a hydrogen
atom. It results from the attractive
force between a hydrogen atom
covalently bonded to a very
electronegative atom such as N,
O, or F atom and another very
electronegative atom.
LONDON DISPERSION FORCES

London Dispersion Forces are

types of force acting between
atoms and molecules that are
normally electrically symmetric;
that is, the electrons are
symmetrically distributed with
respect to the nucleus.
They are part of the van der waals
forces.
ION – DIPOLE FORCES
An Ion Dipole force is an
attractive force that results from
the electrostatic attraction
between an ion and a neutral
molecule has a dipole. Most
commonly found in solutions.
Especially important for solutions
of ionic compounds in polar
liquid.
INTRAMOLECULAR FORCES

An Intramolecular force is any

force that binds together the
atoms making ups a molecule
of compound, not to be
confused with intermolecular
forces, which are the forces
present between molecules.
Properties of Matter that
Depend on IMFs

1. Boiling point, melting point, Stable

phases
2. Vapor Pressure
3. Solubility and Misobility of different
substance
4. Viscosity
 Melting point: The constant
temperature at which a solid changes
into liquid is called melting point.

Example : ice cubes start melting and

change state from a solid to liquid at
the temperature of 0°C.
 Hydrogen Bond are the strongest
of Intermolecular forces for
covalent compounds because they
have the strongest permanent
molecular dipoles of any covalent
bonds. The three types of covalents
bonds that qualify for hydrogen
bonding are H-F, O-H, and N-H
bonds.
The London Dispersion is the weakest intermolecular
forces, which are dependent on the intermolecular
distances between atoms and molecules are the
lowest of all forces. Interactions between uncharged
atoms or molecules are caused by London
Dispersions forces. In general London DIspersion
forces are considered to be the weakest
intermolecular forces; however, London Dispersion
forces become very important for larger molecules.
 The London Dispersion Forces are
progressively weaker for bromine, chloride
and fluorine; this is illustrated in their
steadily lower melting and boiling points.
Bromine is a liquid at room
temperature,while chlorine and flourine are
gases whose molecules are much further
apart from one another.