Hazardous Condition & Recovery Action

• Explain Ground Resonance

• Explain Blade Sailing

• Explain Static & Dynamic Rollover

• Explain Vortex Ring State

• Explain Tail Rotor Failures

 Ground Resonance

Definition
Vibration of large amplitude

resulting from a

forced or self induced vibration

of a helicopter

in contact with or resting on the ground

Causes for Ground Resonance

 Rotor Head Vibration

• Blades of unequal weight or balance

• Faulty Drag Dampers
• Faulty Tracking
Faulty Drag Dampers
Faulty Tracking
Causes for Ground Resonance

 Fuselage Vibration

• Mishandling the cyclic stick during ldg

which causes the H/C to bounce from
side to side
• Taxing T/O or Run On Ldg over rough,
uneven ground
Causes for Ground Resonance

 Fuselage Vibration
• Incorrect or unequal tyre or oleo
pressures
• A wheel dropping into a hole or run
on ldg, or deplaning troops
contacting the undercarriage when
hovering light contact with the
ground
 Recovery Actions

 If the A/C is serviceable to fly & RRPM

is at T/O setting, T/O immediately.

 If A/C is unserviceable or RRPM is not

available close throttle, shut down

engine, Apply rotor brakes.

 Blade Sailing

 Excessive Flapping of the blades at

low RPM when winds are strong -

Impossible to control
Static Roll Over
 Static Roll Over

 A normal Helicopter can withstand

slopes of up to 400

 Caused by CG placing outside of the

down slope skid

 Dynamic Roll Over

 Causes a helicopter to be irreversibly

commited to roll over at angles of

less than 100
 Dynamic Roll Over

 Contributing factors -
Angular velocity of the heli’s mass
over the wheel or skid in contact with
the ground
Mass of helicopter
Distance of CG from
undercarraiges
Tail rotor force
Dynamic Roll Over
 Dynamic Roll Over

 Tail rotor force adds to right skid up

slopes in A/C with rotors turning

counter clockwise
 Tail rotor force adds to left skid up

slopes in A/C with clockwise rotating

rotors
 Dynamic Roll Over

 Recovery -
 Symptoms should be recognized by

the pilot & lever should be lowered

swiftly but gently to avoid bouncing
down slope.
Hazardous Condition & Recovery Action - i

• Define ‘Ground Resonance’

• Explain causes for Ground Resonance
• State the Recovery Actions
• Explain Blade Sailing
• Explain Static Rollover
• Explain Dynamic Rollover