BIOMEDICAL

WASTE
MANAGEMENT
 INTRODUCTION
 BMW:- Emerged as issue of concern world
over. BMW is a real problem for Man,
Community and Environment.
 WASTES :- Something which is not put into
proper usage at a given time. Wastes are
categorized into 3 types:-
1.solid wastes
2. Liquid waste
3. Gaseous wastes.
And these wastes are generated from houses,
industries and biomedical or hospital.
 DEFINITION
 “Any waste, which is generated during the
diagnosis, treatment or immunization of
human being or animals or research
activities pertaining thereto or in the
production or testing of biological or in
health camps, including the categories
mentioned in schedule I appended to BMW
rules 2016”
 TERMINOLOGIES
 Hospital Waste: It refers to all wastes, biological
or non- biological that is discarded and is not
intended for future use.
 Medical Waste: It refers to material generated as
a result of patient diagnosis, treatment,
immunization of human being or animals.
 Infectious Waste: These are the portion of
medical waste that could transmit an infectious
disease.
 CONT…

 Pathological Waste: These waste

removed during surgery, autopsy or other
medical procedures including human
tissues, organs, body parts, body fluids
and specimen along their container.
 SOURCES OF BIOMEDICAL
WASTE
 Minor sources:- Clinics, dental clinics,
home care, cosmetics clinics, paramedics,
funereal services, institutions
 Major sources:- Hospitals, laboratories,
research centers, animal research, blood
banks, nursing homes, mortuaries.
Categories Of Persons Exposed To
Risk Of Infection

 Sanitation workers
 Medical and paramedical staff.
 Patients and attenders
 Public
 METHODS OF DISPOSAL OF BIO-MEDICAL
WASTE AND THEIR SEGREGATION
Category Waste Type Treatment and
disposal method
Category 1 Human anatomical wastes Incineration/ deep burial
( Tissues, organs, body
parts)
Category 2 Animal wastes Incineration/ deep burial
Category 3 Microbiology and Autoclave/microwave
Biotechnology waste /incineration
Category 4 Sharps Disinfection (chemical
treatment)/
autoclaving/microwaving
and mutilation shredding
Category 5 Discarded medicines and Incineration/ destruction
cytotoxic drugs and drugs disposal in
secured landfills
Category 6 Contaminated solid waste Incineration/ autoclaving/
  microwaving
Category 7 Solid wastes (disposable Disinfection by chemical
items other than sharps) treatment +
microwaving/ autoclaving
& mutilation shredding

Category 8 Liquid waste ( generated Disinfection by chemical

from laboratory washing, treatment + and
cleaning, housekeeping discharge into the drains
and disinfecting activity)

Category 9 Incineration ash Disposal in municipal

landfill
Category Chemical wastes Chemical treatment+
10 discharge in to drain
for liquids and secured
landfill
STEPS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF
MEDICAL WASTE
 SEGREGATION OF BIO-MEDICAL WASTE:

 The segregation of bio-medical waste is the key to

successful Biomedical waste management.
 BMW should not be mixed with any other kind of
waste.
 It should be separated/ segregated at the point of
generation before storage or transportation. The
container should be labeled according to the
schedule.
Colour Waste Treatment

Yellow Human & animal anatomical Incineration /Deep

waste/ micro-biology waste and burial
soiled cotton /dressings/
linen/beddings etc.
Red Tubing’s, catheters, IV set Autoclaving/
microwaving/
chemical treatment

Blue Waste sharps ( needles, syringe, Autoclaving/

scalpels, blades etc.) microwaving/
chemical treatment &
destruction /
shredding

Black Discarded medicines/ cytotoxic Disposal in secured

drugs, incineration ash, chemical landfill
waste.
 LABELLING OF CONTAINERS

 The bins and bags should carry the

biohazard symbol indicating the
nature of waste to the patient and
public.
 Labels shall be non-washable and
prominently visible.
 COLLECTION:
 The collection of BMW involves of different types of
containers.

 The containers should be placed in such a way that

100% collection is achieved.

 Sharps must always be kept in puncture proof

containers to avoid injuries and infection to the
waste handles

 BMW should be handled properly by using universal

precautions to prevent from any kind of infection
 STORAGE
 Once collection occurs then biomedical waste is
stored in proper place. Segregated waste of
different categories needs to be collected in
identifiable containers.
 The duration of storage should not exceed 8-10
hours in big hospitals and 24 hours in nursing
homes.
 Each container should be clearly labeled to show
the ward where it is kept.
 TRANSPORTATION
 Transportation devices-

-Trolleys

-Wheelbarrows

 Manual loading should be avoided as far as possible.

 The containers should be tied before transportation.

 Containers should be accompanied with a signed document

by nurse/ doctors mentioning date, shift, quantity and

destination
 ROLE OF A NURSE

 Avoid needle stick injuries.

 Avoid spilling and clean them with
disinfectant.
 Proper labeling should be done of the bags.
 Make the provision of safe segregation,
handling and transport of BMW.
 CONT..
 Use universal precautions to avoid infection
 Immunize self and others time to time and
maintain the records.
 Report major accidents.
 Regular visits of all the wards and high risk
units.
 BENEFITS OF BIOMEDICAL
WASTE MANAGEMENT.
 Cleaner and healthier surroundings.

 Reduction in the incidence of hospital

acquired and general infections.

 Reduction in cost of infection control within

the hospital.

 Reduction in the possibility of disease and

death due to reuse and repackaging of
infectious disposables.
 CONT..
 Low incidence of community and occupational
health hazards.

 Reduction in the cost of waste management

and generation of revenue through
appropriate treatment and disposal of waste.

 Improved image of the healthcare

establishment and increase the quality of life.
CONCLUSION
THANK
YOU