CLASSROOM RULES

1. Be a good listener.
2. Follow directions.
3. Raise your hand to speak.
4. Respect.
5. Do your best and work hard.
 REVIEW
• What process that involves the setting
of organization’s goals, establishing
strategies for accomplishing those
goals, and developing plans of action or
means that managers intend to use to
achieve organizational goals?
 REVIEW

•What is the identification of targets

or desired ends that management
wants to reach?
 REVIEW

• What type of plan that establish the organization’s

overall goals and apply to the entire firm; they are
broad in scope and are the responsibility of the
organization’s President or Chief Operating Officer,
and several managers?
 REVIEW

• What mental image of the organization will be in the

future, as desired by the company management and
employees?
 REVIEW

• What steps needed in order to attain desired ends?

Planning Techniques and
Tools and their
Application and Decision-
making
 LEARNING TARGETS:

1. I can discuss decision-making;

2. I can apply effective decision
making in business situation;
 TECHNIQUES AND TOOLS IN PLANNING

1. Forecasting according
to Schermerhorn (2008) is
an attempt to predict
what may happen in the
future .
TECHNIQUES AND TOOLS IN PLANNING
 TECHNIQUES AND TOOLS IN PLANNING

2. Contingency plan-must
be prepared by managers, ready
for implementation when things
do not turn out as they should
be
• Contingency factors called “trigger points” indicate
when the prepared alternative plan should be
implemented.

• Trigger point-change in an attribute, condition,

factor, parameter, or value that represents crossing
a threshold and actuates or initiates a mechanism
or reaction that may lead to radically different
states of affairs
 TECHNIQUES AND TOOLS IN PLANNING

3. Scenario planning-
planning for future states of affairs is a
long-term version of contingency

planning.
 TECHNIQUES AND TOOLS IN PLANNING

4. Benchmarking, planning
technique that generally involves
external comparison of a company’s
practices and technologies with those
of other companies.
•External benchmarking- it means is to
search for best practices used by other
organizations that enable them to achieve
superior performance
• Internal benchmarking is also
practiced by some organizations when
they encourage all their employees
working in their different work of units
to learn and improve by sharing one
another’s best practices.
 TECHNIQUES AND TOOLS IN PLANNING

5. Participatory planning refers to the planning process

that includes the people who will be affected by the plans
and those who will be asked to implement them in all
planning steps.
 DECISION- MAKING

is a process which begins with a problem

identification and ends with the evaluation
of implemented solution
 SCENARIO
• You finally have a date with that hot guy/girl that you
have been checking out. However, your best friend
calls you and tells you that he has an extra ticket to
your favorite band’s concert. You have been waiting
and hoping for this date for a long time. What do you
do?
 DECISION- MAKING PROCESS

1. Identify the Problem

2. Identify the Decision Criteria

3. Allocate Weighs to the Criteria

4. Develops Alternatives
 DECISION- MAKING PROCESS

5. Analyze the Alternatives.

6. Select an Alternatives.

7. Implement the Chosen Alternative

8. Evaluate Decision Effectiveness.

 DECISION- MAKING PROCESS

5. Analyze the Alternatives.

6. Select an Alternatives.

7. Implement the Chosen Alternative

8. Evaluate Decision Effectiveness.