EDUC 510

September 2021
9th

MA in Multilingual Education
1st year
Plan
• Group presentations
• Paraphrasing
• In-text citations-APA overview
• Definitions-Academic phrase bank
Paraphrasing takes time and practice
• What are my own words and
what are theirs?
• But I can’t express it any better!
• It wouldn’t make sense if I
change the words!
Paraphrasing • Is the only legitimate way to
borrow from a source.
• Makes complex information
easier to understand
• Paraphrasing allows you to
integrate sources without losing
your voice as a writer
• Paraphrasing can be tricky,
however, as changing a few
words here and there doesn’t
count as a paraphrase-can get
you into trouble
with plagiarism
Paraphrasing technique

An effective paraphrase • Changing vocabulary by using

usually: synonyms
• has a different structure to
the original • Changing word class: noun to verb,
• has mainly different adjective to verb
vocabulary
• retains the same meaning
• Changing word order (not always
• keeps some phrases from helps)
the original that are in
common use
Steps for paraphrasing:
• STEP 1
• Read the original passage several times until you understand it fully.
• Look up unfamiliar words and find synonyms for them. It may not be possible to find synonyms for every word,
especially technical vocabulary. In this case, use the original word.
• STEP 2
• It helps to take notes. Write down only a few words for each idea not complete sentences. It may be helpful to make
a brief outline.
• STEP 3
• Write your paraphrase from your notes. Don't look at the original while you are writing.
• STEP 4
• Check your paraphrase against the original to make sure you have not copied vocabulary or the sentence structure
too closely. Above all, make sure that you have not changed the meaning of the original or given any wrong
information.
• STEP 5
• Add an in-text citation at the end.
Paraphrasing activity
• Some 10 million girls a year are married off before the age of 18
across the world, according to a UNICEF report released this year.
(“What Is It Like To Be a Child Bride?” by Nel Hedayat, BBC News
Magazine, October 4, 2011)
some 10 million girls a year
• 1. each year about 10 million girls
• 2. around 10 million girls per year
• 3. about 10 million girls every year are married off before the age of 18
are married off before the age of 18
• 1. are forced to get married before they turn 18 years old
• 2. are compelled to marry before they are 18
• 3. are coerced into marriage before they become 18
across the world
• 1. around the world 2. all over the world 3. throughout the world
according to a UNICEF report released this year
1. UNICEF published a report this year that says that
2. a report that was published by UNICEF this year states
3. a report that came out this year from UNICEF explains that
Three paraphrasing variants:
• 1. A report that was published by UNICEF this year states that each
year all over the world about 10 million girls are forced to get married
before they turn 18 years old.
• 2. UNICEF published a report this year that says that around the world
about 10 million girls per year are compelled to marry before they are
18.
• 3. A report that came out this year from UNICEF explains that
throughout the world about 10 million girls every year are coerced
into marriage before they become 18.
Activity 2
• Japan has long had deep misgivings about immigration and has tightly
controlled the ability of foreigners to live and work here. (“Strict
Immigration Rules May Threaten Japan’s Future” by Chico Haralan,
The Washington Post, July 28, 2010)
Japan has long had deep misgivings about immigration
• 1. For a long time Japan has had reservations about immigration
• 2. Japan has had a lot of doubt about immigration for a long time
• 3. For many years Japan has had second thoughts about people
immigrating to Japan
has tightly controlled 1. has severely restricted 2. strictly regulated 3.
rigorously managed
the ability of foreigners to live and work here
1. how immigrants can live and make money in Japan
2. how foreigners are able to earn a living in Japan
3. the way foreign people can work and live there
Paraphrasing activity 3
• https://owl.excelsior.edu/
research/drafting-and-
integrating/drafting-and-
integrating-paraphrasing-
activity/
In-text citations quick overview
• https://libguides.csudh.edu/cita
tion/apa-7
Definitions
• Academic Phrase bank
• Provide the definition of a relevant term using academic phrase bank
• Look at your assignment and try to incorporate academic phrases
wherever necessary
• Check your in-text citations and references in APA