METODE RISET

Program Studi Magister Arsitektur

Universitas Merdeka Malang

Pertemuan ke 3
Kuantitatif vs Kualitatif
Oleh: Dina Poerwoningsih
 11 LANGKAH PENELITIAN
(Therese L.Baker, Doing Social Research, 1994)

• Define a topic
• Intensify knowledge about the topic
• Clarify concepts and their mesurement
• Select a data collection method
• Operationalize concepts and design the data collection
instruments
• Select a sample
• Consider the purpose, value, and ethics of the study
• Collect the data
• Process the data
• Analyse the data
• Write up the results
LANGKAH PENELITIAN

• MEMILIH TOPIK
• MERUMUSKAN MASALAH
• MENETAPKAN TUJUAN
• MENETAPKAN METODE PENELITIAN
• ANALISIS DATA DAN INTERPRETASI
• SIMPULAN
• PENULISAN LAPORAN
PERBEDAAN PENELITIAN
KUANTITATIF DAN
KUALITATIF
Perbedaan penelitian Kuantitatif & Kualitatif
KUALITATIF KUANTITATIF
Research Approach Inductive Deductive
Ontological view Multiple realities Causal relationship
Nature of truth Grounded in the real world Hypothesis testing
Epistemological view Subjective Objective
Researcher situatedness Emic (insider) Etic (outsider)
Research design Unstructured Structured
Emergent Systematic
Study specific Replicable
Research focus Themes Variables
Participant selection Non-random Random
Representation data Textual Numeric
Analysis Themes, motifs Statistical analysis
Voice of the researcher First person, active Third person, passive
Reflection of the real world Slice of life Representative
Representation of findings Narrative Statistical tables and graphs

Source: Gayle Jeannings, Tourism Research, John Wiley&Sons, Sidney, 2001, pp.132
Perbedaan penelitian Kuantitatif & Kualitatif
Perbedaan penelitian Kuantitatif & Kualitatif
ALTERNATIVE STRATEGIES OF INQUIRY

QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE MIXED METHODS

• Experimental • Narratives • Sequential
• Non-experimental, •Phenomenology • Concurrent
mis. Survey • Ethnographies •Transformative
•Grounded Theory
•Case Studies

Sumber: Creswell, 2003.p.13

QUANTITATIVE, QUALITATIVE, MIXED METHODS

QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE MIXED

Predetermined Emerging methods Both predetermined &
emerging methods
Instrument based Open-ended questions Both open – and closed-
questions ended questions
Performance data, Interview data, Multiple forms of data
Attitude data, Observation data, drawing on all possibilities
Observational data, and Audiovisual data
and census data
Statistical analysis Text and image analysis Statistical and text analysis

Sumber: Creswell.p.17
MIXED METHODS

THEORITICAL
IMPLEMENTATION PRORITY INTEGRATION PERSPECTIVE

No Sequence
Concurrent Equal At data collection
Explicit
Sequential- At data analysis
Qualitative first Qualitative
At data
interpretation
Sequential-
Quantitative first Quantitative With some Implicit
combination

Sumber: Creswell .2003. Research Design. p.211

MIXED METHODS

Kuantitatif Kualitatif
• Memberikan data latar belakang yang terukur
• Menguji hipotesis yang dikeluarkan survey kualitatif
• Memberi landasan bagi sampling kasus dan kelompok pembanding yg
membentuk studi intensif.

Kualitatif Kuantitatif
• Sumber dugaan/hipotesis.
• Pengembangan & pemanduan instrumen penelitian (questioner, skala,
index)
• Interpretasi & klarifikasi data kuantitatif
PENGUMPULAN DATA
DATA COLLECTION
dalam penelitian
DATA COLLECTION (pengumpulan data)

• Jenis data
• Sumber data
• Cara pengumpulan
• Jumlah data
KLASIFIKASI DATA

• DISCRETE
MACAM DATA • CONTINUES

• NOMINAL
• ORDINAL
TERUKUR • INTERVAL
• RATIO

• SATU KELOMPOK
JUMLAH • DUA KELOMPOK
KELOMPOK • BANYAK KELOMPOK

• SATU VARIABEL (UNIVARIAT)

JUMLAH • DUA VARIABEL (BIVARIAT)
VARIABEL • BANYAK VARIABEL (MULTIVARIAT)
KLASIFIKASI DATA
DATA ANALYSIS
• SORTING
• SELECTING
• COMPARING
• SIMULATING
• SCREENING
• WEIGHTING
• TESTING
• RATING
• SEGREGATING
• COMPUTING
• DECOMPOSING
DATA ORGANIZATION

• RELATING
• ORDERING
• RANKING
• COMBINING
• DIAGRAMMING
• CATEGORIZING
• COMPOSING
• GROUPING
• INTEGRATING
• ARRANGING
DATA COMMUNICATION

• WRITING
• ILLUSTRATING
• INTERACTING
• EXPLAINING
• DOCUMENTING
• DISCUSSING
• DEBATING
• EXCHANGING
• TRANSLATING
• INTERPRETING
Contoh Data Arsitektural
Contoh Data Arsitektural
Contoh Data Arsitektural
Contoh Data Arsitektural
 Contoh Data Arsitektural

Tipe A

Tipe B
Tipe n
ANALISIS KUANTITATIF

• Analisis Deskriptif
• Analisis Inferensial
• Analisis Non Parametrik
• Analisis Parametrik
• Analisis Univariat
• Analisis Bivariat
• Analisis Multivariat
• Analisis Rangkai Waktu dan Sintasan
• Analisis Geostatika dan SIG
ANALISIS KUALITATIF
• Memo
• Koding
• Analisis Kontent
• Analisis Komparasi konstant
• Successive approximation
• Analisis Domain
• Ideal Types
• Analisis Event-Struktur
• Matrix
• Taxonomi
• Mind map
• Tipologi
• Konsep pohon (conceptual trees)
• Teori grounded
• Model Zoom
• Text and Image Analysis (Creswell, p.17)
ANALISIS KUALITATIF
3 tipe ANALISIS KUALITATIF
• concept analysis (meaning and use of),
• historical analysis (examines causes, trends & often relates past to
current events), or
• legal analysis (law and court decisions to better understand the "law"
and legal issues).

Kelemahan analisis kualitatif

• Dalam penelitian kualitatif SEDIKIT prosedur yang disepakati secara luas.
• Jarang ada penjelasan eksplisit bagaimana DATA dianalisis.
• Cara-cara yang ditempuh para peneliti dalam analisis kualitatif sangat
tidak jelas (Idiosinkratik).