HISTORICAL

ANTECEDENTS
IN WHICH SOCIAL
CONSIDERATIONS
CHANGED THE COURSE OF
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
OBJECTIVE
S
Learn about the ancient history and the early
civilization.
Explain how science and technology affected the
society and environment and vice versa.
Identify the inventions that changed the world over
the course of history
Discuss the scientific and technological developments
in the Philippines
 HISTORICAL
ANTECEDENTS
 steady increase of new inventions,
introduction of innovations in traditional
production, and emergence of scientific
thinking and method
 SUMERIAN
 Located on the southernmost
tip of ancient Mesopotamia
between Tigris and Euphrates
rivers in the area later became
Babylonia
 Known for their high degree
of cooperation with one
another and their desire for
great things
 CONTRIBUTIONS OF SUMERIAN
CUNEIFORM
 first writing system that
utilizes word pictures and
triangular symbols which are
carved on clay using wedge
intruments and then left to dry
THE CITY OF URUK
 Considered to be the first true
city in the world but also for
the way it was constructed.
THE GREAT
ZIGGURAT OF UR
 Also called as the mountain of
God.
 Constructed in the same
manner as the City of Uruk.
IRRIGATION AND DIKES
 Sumerians were challenged to
mass produce items but the
resources are uncooperative.
 Creation of dikes and
irrigation canals
 Considered as one of the
worlds most beneficial
engineering works
 SAIL
 BOATS
created to aid the
Sumerian’s challenge in
transportation
 Invented to address the
Sumerian’s increasing
demands
WHEELS
 invented in the availability of
specialized tools
 originally made for farm
works and food process
 Mass production was made
easier
THE PLOW
 Invented to dig the earth in a
faster pace.
ROADS
 First roads were developed to
facilitate faster and easier
travel
 buildings, road, infrastructure
and many more built by
Sumerians are still solid and
stable until now
BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION
 Emerged near the Tigris and
Euphrates river
 Babylonians are great
builders, engineers, and
architects
 One of their basic necessities
is water as it is the one that
brings food for them
 CONTRIBUTIONS OF
BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION
HANGING HARDEN OF BABYLON
 One of the seven wonders
of the ancient world.
 A structure made up of
layers upon layers of
gardens that contained
several species of plants,
trees and vines.
EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION

 Early civilization famous for

it legacy is the Egyptian
civilization located in North
Africa.
PAPER OR PAPYRUS
 Invention of paper or
papyrus was a welcome
development.
 Plants are processed in
order to produce thin sheets
on which one could write
down things.
 Made as an alternative of
clay tablets.
INK
 Invented ink by combining
soot with different
chemicals to produce inks .
HIEROGLYPHICS
 The Egyptians developed a system of
writing using symbols.
 Adapted from the early writing system
established in Mesopotamia.
 Egyptians believe that this writing
system was provided by their gods.
 Hieroglyphics is not just an ordinary
writing text, but it consists of many
different symbols and illustrations.
 Hieroglyphics was the language that
tells the modern world of the history
and culture of the ancient Egyptians.
COSMETICS AND WIG
 Cosmetics that we are using
right now is invented by
Egyptians.
 Their function in ancient
Egypt was for both health
and aesthetic.
WATER CLOCK/CLEPSYDRA
 A device that utilizes gravity
that affects the flow of
water from one vessel to
another .
 This invention leads to our
modern-day clock.
GREEK CIVILIZATION
 Greece is an archipelago in the
southeastern part of Europe .
 A country difficult to conquer.
 Major achievements of the
Greeks include in-depth works
on philosophy and
mathematics.
 Contributed much to the world
especially in the fields of
science and technology.
ALARM CLOCK
 One of the most utilized
gadgets.
 The purpose is the same as
present-day clocks.
WATER MILL
 Considered as one of the most
important contributions of the
Greek civilization to the world.
 Help for converting mechanical
energy into electricity which also
leads to invention of windmill and
turbine.
ROMAN CIVILIZATION
 Perceived to be the
strongest political and social
entity in the west.
 Considered to be the cradle
of politics and governance
during the period.
INVENTIONS AND INNOVATIONS OF
THE ROMAN EMPIRE
Newspaper
Bound Books or Codex
Roman Architecture
Roman Numerals
 Still existing in this present-day civilization and are
used in the entire world.
CHINESE CIVILIZATION
 Oldest civilization in Asia
 Also known as the middle
kingdom.
 Located in the far east of
Asia. Very famous among
the other ancient civilization
because of its silk trade.
CONTRIBUTIONS OF CHINESE CIVILIZATION
TO THE WORLD
Silk Industry
Tea Production
World’s Famous Great Wall of China
Gun Powder
 Economy is getting bigger and its control over the
international politics is indeed very impressive.
MEDIEVAL/MIDDLE AGES
 Start of the middle ages was
married by massive invasions
and migrations.
PRINTING PRESS
 Johann Gutenberg invented the
printing press.
 Invented to address the need
for publishing books that
would spread information to
many people at a faster rate.
MICROSCOPE
 Invented for medical purposes.
 Invented to magnify the small
things that are invisible to the
naked eye.
TELESCOPE
 Used to see far and wide for
them to navigate and avoid
danger at sea.
WAR WEAPONS
 Great development in the
weaponry technology also
occurred as keys to gaining
victory.
MODERN TIMES
 People needed efficient means of
transportation to trade more
goods and cover a larger distance.
 Variety of machines emerges.
PASTEURIZATION
 Process of heating dairy
products to kill harmful
bacteria that allow them to
spoil faster.
 Louise Pasture invented
pasteurization as a way to solve
the problem.
 Milk could be stored and
consumed for a longer period.
PETROLEUM REFINERY
 Samuel M. Kier was able to invent
kerosene by refining petroleum.
 Later on referred to as the
“illuminating oil”.
 Used at first to provide lighting to
homes.
 Applied for heating purpose.
 Still present as still used by many
people for powering automobiles,
factories, and power plants, among
others.
TELEPHONE
 “Mr. Watson, come here, I
want to see you”.
 Alexander Graham Bell
invented telephone and it was
the one of the most important
inventions at that time.
CALCULATOR
 Creation of modern-day calculator
did not only pave the way for
easier arithmetic calculations, but
also resulted in the development of
more complex processing machines
like computer.
PHILIPPINE INVENTIONS
 Despite being considered a developing country, the
Philippines also contributed to the global advancement of
science and technology.
Videoke
Salamander Amphibious Tricycle
Salt Lamp
Medical Incubator
Mosquito Ovicidal/ Larvicidal Trap System
Ejeepney
 These inventions are being recognized and being
used all over the world.
 “We may lack of resources, but our minds are
filled with knowledge”- Fortunato de la Pena
( Filipino Investors Society Secretary)
REFERENCES:
https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/divine-word-college-of-san-jose/acco
untancy/historical-antecedent-of-science-and-technology/9540555