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Markets
Markets
Markets
MARKET DEFINITION
Consumers (households) demand or
buy goods and services. Producers
(firms) produce, sell or supply goods
and services.
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الكهرباء
االمثلة التليفون االرضي
شركة المياه
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CONDITIONS OF MONOPOLY
MARKET
1. An industry with a single firm that produces no close
substitutes.
-He can determine the price (price maker) and accept the
quantity of the market or alternatively, he can determine the
quantity and accept the price.
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Why Monopolies Arise?
the industry.
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MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION
الكتب
السيديهات
االفالم
االمثلة العاب الكمبيوتر
المطاعم
المالبس الرياضية
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CONDITIONS OF MONOPOLISTIC
COMPETITION MARKET
1.Many sellers: there are many firms competing for the same
group of customers.
2.Product differentiation: each firm produces a product that
is at least slightly different from those of other firms. Thus,
rather than being a price taker, as the case of perfect
competition, each firm has low power of affecting the price.
3.Free entry: Firms can enter or exit the market without
restrictions.
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Monopolistic Competition:
differentiation.
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PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION
AND ADVERTISING
1.Product Differentiation:
A strategy that firms use to achieve market power.
Accomplished by producing products that have
distinct positive identities in consumers' minds.
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2. Advertising:
When firms sell differentiated products, each firm has an
incentive to advertise in order to attract more buyers to its
particular product.
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OLIGOPOLY MARKET
صناعة السيارات
شبكة الموبايالت
االمثلة المدارس الخاصة
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CONDITIONS OF OLIGOPOLY
MARKET
1-EQUILIBRIUM:
to change.
(Qd=Qs).
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3. EXCESS DEMAND :
floor).
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0
2- Price Ceiling:
1.It is a maximum price; below or lower than
the equilibrium price.
2. It is an obligatory price; not permitted to increase.
3. It is set to protect consumers.
4.The price ceiling creates a shortage
(excess demand).
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in services.
الواسطة
2- Favored customers: Those who receive special
demand.
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3- Price Floor :
price floor is a minimum price, set by
government, above the equilibrium
price and is not permitted to fall.
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equilibrium price.
excess supply.
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Therefore:
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