Factor Determining

Thermal Comfort

Personal Environmental
Factor Affecting Thermal Comfort

1. Deep Body Temperature 1. Air Temperature

2. Metabolic Dissipation Rate 2. Background Radiant Temperature
3. Skin Temperature (usually below 3. Air Relative Humidity
33°C) 4. Wind Speed
4. Previous Accommodation 5. Quality of Air

According McMullan (2002) , Principal Factors Affecting Thermal Comfort Can be Considered :
a. Personal Variables b. Physical Variables
 Activity – rate of heat emission when doing some  Air Temperature – affect temp. difference
activity depends with the individual metabolic & their between the body & surroundings, affecting
surface area the rate of heat loss or gain by convention
 Subcutaneous Fat – a person need a cooler air for  Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT) – average
dissipate same amount heat surface temp. surrounding which body can
 Skin Colour – influence by radiation exchange heat by radiant transfer
 Keep Out Direct Sunshine & Heat
 use large overhangs (protect
internal spaces from solar
radiation)
 ensure east & west elevations
have few or no windows
 utilize low thermal mass
Appropriate starategies for materials (minimize heat
building/areas to be storage)
comfortable  shading devices (minimize
solar gain)

Maximize Natural Ventilation

 north & south walls have
large opening ventilation
 rooms arranged to aid cross-
ventilation
 plans – open & free spaces
between buildings
 Large volumetric ventilation –
provided remove internal heat