ALWAYS

REMEMBER
!
LESSON 4:
THE BIG 3
(OPERATI
NG WHAT IS AN OPERATING SYSTEM?

SYSTEMS)
 WHAT IS An operating system is the most
important software that runs on a
AN computer. It manages the
computer's memory and processes,
OPERATIN as well as all of
its software and hardware. It also
G allows you to communicate with
the computer without knowing how
SYSTEM? to speak the computer's
language. Without an operating
system, a computer is useless.
 Your computer's operating
The system (OS) manages all of
the software and hardware on the
operating computer. Most of the time, there
are several different computer

system's programs running at the same time,

and they all need to access your
computer's central processing unit
job (CPU), memory, and storage. The
operating system coordinates all of
this to make sure each program gets
what it needs.
 Operating systems usually
come pre-loaded on any computer
you buy. Most people use the
Types of operating system that comes with
their computer, but it's possible to
operating upgrade or even change operating
systems. The three most common

systems operating systems for personal

computers are Microsoft
Windows, macOS, and Linux.
WHAT IS WINDOWS?

Windows is a graphical
operating system developed by
Microsoft. It allows users to view
and store files, run the software,
play games, watch videos, and
provides a way to connect to the
internet. It was released for both
home computing and professional
works.
 • Microsoft introduced the first
version as 1.0
• It was released for both home
WHAT IS computing and professional
functions of Windows on 10
WINDOWS? November 1983. Later, it was
released on many versions of
Windows as well as the current
version, Windows 10.
 • In 1993, the first
business-oriented
version of Windows was
released, which is known
WHAT IS as Windows NT 3.1.
WINDOWS? Then it introduced the
next versions, Windows
3.5, 4/0, and Windows
2000.
 • When the XP Windows
was released by
Microsoft in 2001, the
WHAT IS company designed its
various versions for a
WINDOWS? personal and business
environment.
 • It was designed based on
standard x86 hardware,
like Intel and AMD
WHAT IS processor. Accordingly,
it can run on different
WINDOWS? brands of hardware, such
as HP, Dell, and Sony
computers, including
home-built PCs.
 •When Microsoft
Why is
Microsoft
Windows was not
Windows introduced, all of the
called Microsoft users were
Windows? used MS-DOS
operating system.
 • Microsoft gave one word to
most of its products; it
required a new Word that
Why is can represent its new GUI
Microsoft  operating system.
Windows called Microsoft decided to call it
Windows because it has the
Windows? ability to perform several
tasks and run applications
simultaneously.
 • Another reason behind
calling it Windows was
Why is that you could not
Microsoft trademark a common name
like Windows. Its official
Windows name was Microsoft
called Windows, the first version
Windows? 1.0 of Windows was
introduced in 1995.
 • Since 1983, Microsoft is
producing Windows. The
founder of Microsoft 'Bill
Gates' announced for
History of Microsoft Windows on 10
Microsoft November 1983 and released
Windows the first version
of Windows in 1985. The
following table contains
history of Windows from
edition 1 to 10.
• Advantages
1.It provides high-level
protection with built-
in antivirus.
2.Microsoft Windows is
the best operating
system for beginners.
3.It is a fast-starting
operating system with
better application
loading times.
• Disadvantages
1.If you installed
various software's;
you will face many
problems with this
OS.
2.Windows 10 doesn't
come from the
windows media
center, unlike the
previous versions.
• Disadvantages

3. Windows 10 has
received some criticism
for its collecting of user
data. So, privacy may
be a concern.

4. It is very sensitive to
malware and viruses.
 • MacOS is a series of the
What is graphical operating system
the that is developed and
marketed by Apple Inc.
MAC? since 2001. It is Apple's
main operating system for
Mac computers.
 • The original version, known
What is informally as the classic
the Mac OS, was released in
1984, and the final version
MAC? was Mac OS 9, which was
released in 1999. Mac OS X
10.0,
What is • the first desktop version, was
the launched in March 2001, followed
by the first update, 10.1, later that
MAC? year. The most recent version is
MacOS Big Sur, which was
released in November 2020.
What is • The upgrade includes a system-
the wide dark mode and a slew of new
apps ported from iOS, including
MAC? Apple News. After Microsoft
Windows,
What is • macOS is the second most
the popular desktop operating
system in the market for
MAC? desktop, laptop, home
computers, and web usage.
What is
the
• This operating system was designed to
operate on Apple's Mac computers. It
comes with various pre-installed apps.
MAC? It also permits the user to download
software from the Mac AppStore.
What is
the • The Dark mode is a prominent feature
of this operating system. It reduces

MAC? overall light and brightness, making it

more comfortable for the eyes.
What is
the
• Dynamic desktop is another tool that
helps in a similar way. For security,
macOS requires apps to ask for
MAC? permission before utilizing the camera,
microphone, geolocation, or contacts.
What is • It also includes an ad-blocker for Safari.
the In any case, it is extremely secure. So, if
you're looking for the greatest and

MAC? fastest operating system, macOS is the

ideal option for laptops (MacBooks)
and PCs (iMac).
Advantages and • There are various
Disadvantages of advantages and
MacOS disadvantages of
MacOS. Some of
them are as
follows:
 • Advantages
Advantages and 1.It provides a simple
Disadvantages of and easy user-
MacOS friendly interface.

2.It is the fastest

operating system for
the laptop and PC.
 • Advantages
Advantages and 3. It comes with
Disadvantages of various pre-installed
MacOS applications.

4. It provides regular
security updates for
the OS.
 • Advantages
Advantages and 5. It also has
Disadvantages of features that make
MacOS transitioning
between
workspaces and
multitasking easier.
 • Disadvantages
Advantages and
Disadvantages of
MacOS 1.It is only
available for the
MacBook and
iMac.
 • Disadvantages
Advantages and
Disadvantages of
MacOS 2. MacOS devices
are more costly
than Windows
devices.
 • Disadvantages
Advantages and
Disadvantages of
MacOS 3. There are more
games and
applications for
Windows than for
macOS.
 WHAT IS LINUX?
Linux, computer operating system
 created in the early 1990s by Finnish
software engineer Linus Torvalds and
the Free Software Foundation (FSF).
While still a student at the University
of Helsinki, Torvalds started
developing Linux to create a system
similar to MINIX, a UNIX operating
system.
Advantages of Linux
Operating System

1. Cost
2. Security
3. Source Code
4. System Requirements
5. System Updates
Advantages of Linux
Operating System

1. Cost

Linux operating system comes

with General Public
License (GPL). Different from
windows it does not require any
licenses.
Advantages of Linux
Operating System

2. Security

On default, Linux is designed to be

secure. Unlike Windows, Linux is
not much exposed to viruses. On
very rare occasions, Linux is virus
affected.
Advantages of Linux
Operating System

3. Source Code
Linux is an operating system
which is of open source
base. Which means that the
code is free to modify.
Advantages of Linux
Operating System

4. System Requirements
Linux OS can even run on
systems with low
specifications. It is not very
resource intensive like
windows operating system.
Advantages of Linux
Operating System

5. System Updates
Linux is also a step forward in
terms of system updates.
Frequently, the Linux OS
releases system updates. In the
case of upgrading your OS, you
can do this without deleting
your existing software.
Advantages of Linux
Operating System

5. System Updates
Linux is also a step forward in
terms of system updates.
Frequently, the Linux OS
releases system updates. In the
case of upgrading your OS, you
can do this without deleting
your existing software.
Disadvantages of Linux
Operating System

1. Adaptation
2. Software Compatibility
3.Gaming
4. Hardware
Compatibility
5. Technical Support
Disadvantages of Linux Operating
System

1. Adaptation
Terminals are command line interface
where you need to enter specific
command in order to complete tasks.
Furthermore, the level of difficulty
varies according to the distribution used.
For distributions like Arch, learning to
use Linux becomes even more difficult.
Disadvantages of Linux Operating
System

2. Software Compatibility
Some of such softwares are MS
Office, iTunes and Photoshop. Even
though there are alternatives to these
softwares, they cannot match up to
the original level.
Disadvantages of Linux Operating
System

4. Hardware Compatibility
The drivers here are inbuilt inside
the Kernel. Since the drivers are
already preinstalled, the newly
connected hardware device may
not have the proper drivers. This
makes the connected hardware
device to be incompatible.
Disadvantages of Linux Operating
System

5. Technical Support
Since Linux is an open source
operating system it lacks on
the side of technical support.
The problem cannot be rectified
unless you find a solution
yourself. For each problem
users need to look online ;
•END
 ACTIVITY

• WHAT IS AN OPERATING SYSTEM?

• GIVE 3 EXAMPLES OF OPERATING
SYSTEM?
• WHAT COMPANY DEVELOP WINDOWS?
• WHAT COMPANY DEVELOP MACOS?
• WHO CREATED LINUX?