Quarter 1 Week 1

Se t s: A n
Intr o du c t i
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
LESSON 1: SETS: ANAt the end of the lessons, you are
INTRODUCTION expected to:
• illustrate well-defined sets,
LESSON 2: subsets, universal sets, null set,
OPERATIONS ON SETS cardinality of sets, union and
intersection of sets and the
different of two sets
• solve real-life problems
involving sets; and
• appreciate the importance and
usefulness of the lessons in
everyday life.
 Activity 1:
Group the
pictures
according to
their
similarities.
Set of letters Set of
Numbers

Set of fr u it s
 Set -A set is a collection of well-defined
distinct objects. The objects of a set are
called elements.
To name a set we usually use capital
letters (A, B, C, ..., Z) and small letters
for elements or objects enclosed by curly
braces.
Examples:
A = {1, 2, 3,
Set 4, 5}the set of numbers from
A is
1 to 5.
1 ∈ A, read as 1 is an element of set A.
0 ∉ A, read as 0 is not an element of
set A.
Note:
∈ , means element
∉ , means not an
element
 A set is said to be a well defined set if we know exactly
if an object is an element of the set
Examples:
1. Set B = {whole numbers less
than 5}
2. Set C = {colors
Examples ofwell
of not the
rainbow}
1. Set C =defined
{handsome guys in
2. Set D = {intelligent
school} students}
 Tell whether the following is well defined
set or not.
• The set of all cities in the Philippines
• The set of all Math teachers in Batasan Hills National
High School
• The set of tall girls in the campus
• The set of books well liked by my classmates
 2 ways of defining a
set / tabular form – elements are listed and
1. Roster method
enclosed in braces
Example: Set F is the set of letters in the word
F = { c, o,corona.
r,
2. Rule method / n, a}
Set-Builder notation– enclosing in
braces a descriptive phrase
Example: G = {1,
G =2,{3,counting
4} numbers less than 5 }
 Directions: Supply the items with the correct answers.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. List the elements of the set of odd numbers less than

10.
Name it as Set A. Set A = {___________}
2. Describe Set B = {red, yellow, blue}.
_____________________
3. True or False: Let Set C = {set of prime numbers}, is 2
∈ C? ________
4. Write ∈ or ∉ on the blank.
Given: F = { x/x is an even number less than 10}.

a) 4___ F
b) 10 ___ F
c) 1 ___ F
d) 8 ___ F
CARDINALITY OF A SET – the number of elements
Exampl in a given set
es:
_________1. H = { red, blue, green,
white, black}
________
Empty set2./ null
J = {set2,–4,a 6,
set8,that
10,has
12, NO element. It is
14,denoted
6, 20} by the symbol { } or the Danish letter Ø
Examples:
L = {positive whole numbers less Note: We
cannot list
than 0} elements for
2. M = {triangle with 4 sides} empty sets
 Finite Set – all elements can be
Infinite Set –listed and
not possible to write down the complete list
of elements and the count of elements is unending
Tell whether each set is finite or infinite.
• N = { 1, 3, 5, 7}
• O = { 1, 2, 3, …}
• P = { colors of the rainbow}
Note: the 3 dots ( ellipsis)
• Q = {x/x is an integer}
indicates that the set
continues in the pattern.
 RELATIONS ON
1. EqualSETS
sets – two sets that have exactly the same
elements.
2. Equivalent sets – two sets that have the same
number of elements.
 UNIVERSAL SET AND
UniversalSUBSET
set – a set the consist of all elements being
considered in a particular problem. It is represented by
U. Give the elements of
the following sets:
• A={ }
• B=
{ }
U = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,10} • C = { }
Notice that, all the elements of A are present in the
universal set U. That means, A is a subset of U. In
symbol, A ⊆ U. Also, all the members of set C are
present in that,
Note also set B.setThat
C ismeans, C⊆
a proper B. of set B since
subset
set B has members that do not belong to set C. In
symbol, C ⊂ B.

Remember:
⊆, means subset
⊂, means proper
subset
 A subset is a set of elements that are also in
another
A subset can be equal to theset.
set. That is, a subset can
contain all the elements that are present in the set. If A
and B are two
sets, and every element of set B is also an element of set
A, then B is called a subset of A and we write it as B ⊆
A. In otherA=
Examp words, SetofBletters
the set is contained inside Set A or vice
in the word
versa.
le: “covid”
B= {v, i, c, o}
C= {n, c, o, v, i}
 OPERATIONS
ON
A. SETS
Union and
UnionIntersection
of sets (U) – set of all elements which
Intersection of belong
sets (∩)to–Aset
orof
B all elements that are
common in both A and B
Example: A B
 OPERATIONS
ON
Example: SETS A B

AUB= {
A∩B=}
{ }
Try:
Given:
C = { 2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
D = { 2, 3, 5, 7, 11}
Find:
CUD={ }
C∩D={ }
 B. COMPLEMENT OF
The complement
A SET of a set , denoted by A’ , is the set of all
elements in the universal set that are not in A.
Example GIVEN:
U = {Joy, Jane, Ana, Nikka,
Ben, Alfie}
A = { Ben, Alfie}
Find A’.
Try:
Given:
U = { 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17}
B = { 11, 13, 15, 17}
D = { 12, 14, 15,}
Find:
• B’
• 2. D’
 C. DIFFERENCE OF
TWO SETS
The difference of sets A and B denoted by A - B is the set
of all elements in which belong to A but which do not
belongGiven:
to B.
A = { 3, 6, 9, 12}
B = { 2, 4, 6, 8}
Try:
Given:
A = { 3, 6, 9, 12}
B = { 2, 4, 6, 8}
Find:
• B–A=
• 2. A – B
= Note: A-B, means A
only
B – A means B only
 Practice
Given: U = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
Exercises:
H = { 3, 4, 5, 6}
G = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4}
M = { 4, 5, 6, 7, 9}
Find:
• H’
• M’
• M–G
• H–M
• ( H – M)’
• M’ - G