Citation Rules

Lesson by Marielle Dominique G. De la Cruz

Activity 1. Identify the errors in the given citations.
Then, rewrite them in the correct form.

1. (Barbers and Sundrys, 2020)

2. ‘The rate of employees who quit McDonalds has increased
during the pandemic’ (Smith, Erikson, Peters, etc., 2020)
3. (Amante, 2001) mentioned the role of the family in his article.
Activity 1. Identify the errors in the given citations.
Then, rewrite them in the correct form.

4. (Carino and Sonio, 2007) mentioned that individuals who

love music are likely to become geniuses.

5. Jones found "students often had difficulty using APA style"

(1998, p. 199); what implications does this have for teachers?
What is a Citation?
A citation is the way you tell your readers that certain material in your work
came from another source and gives your readers the information to find that
source again.

Doesn't citing sources make my work seem less original?

Not at all. Citing sources actually helps your reader distinguish your ideas
from those of your sources. This will emphasize the originality of your
own work. It also gives you greater credibility because you are
demonstrating your knowledge on the subject and your understanding of the
work that's already been done by others on the subject.
In-text Citation and Placement Signal Phrases

Where in the sentence does my in-text citation go?

•If you name your source(s) in a given sentence, a parenthetical citation
containing only the year always follows immediately after the name(s) of the
author(s).
Example: In contrast to earlier work by Abbott and Costello (1999), Laurel
and Hardy (2008) propose an altogether different model for optimizing hat
density …
In-text Citation and Placement Signal Phrases
Where in the sentence does my in-text citation go?
•If you do not explicitly name your source(s) in a given sentence, a
single parenthetical citation goes at the end of the sentence or
clause it covers (Goffman,1974), inside the punctuation, like this
(Melville, 1851).
Example: “If the sentence ends with a quotation, close the
quote, then place the citation between the quotation marks and
the punctuation, like this” (Woolf, 1931, p. 22).
In-text Citation and Placement Signal Phrases
Where in the sentence does my in-text citation go?
• Do not insert spaces between a parenthetical citation and the
punctuation that follows it.
Red and yellow are the best colors with which to decorate your restaurant
because they induce feelings of hunger (Smith and Jones 2009) .
(Smith and Jones 2009).
 In the paragraph below, the  parenthetical in-text citations are
highlighted in yellow, and the signal phrases are in blue. Note that the
second sentence is common knowledge, whereas the final sentence
is clearly the opinion of the author.
Short Quotations
If you are directly quoting from a work, you will need to include the author, year of
publication, and page number for the reference, preceded by "p." for a single page and
“pp.” for a span of multiple pages, with the page numbers separated by an en dash (-).
You can introduce the quotation with a signal phrase that includes the author's last
name followed by the date of publication in parentheses.
According to Jones (1998), "students often had difficulty using APA style,
especially when it was their first time" (p. 199).
Jones (1998) found "students often had difficulty using APA style" (p. 199); what
implications does this have for teachers?
Short Quotations
If you do not include the author’s name in the text of the sentence,
place the author's last name, the year of publication, and the page
number in parentheses after the quotation.
She stated, "Students often had difficulty using APA style"
_______________but she did not offer an explanation as to why.
Jones – 1998 – p. 199
Short Quotations
If you do not include the author’s name in the text of the sentence,
place the author's last name, the year of publication, and the page
number in parentheses after the quotation.
She stated, "Students often had difficulty using APA style"
(Jones, 1998, p. 199) but she did not offer an explanation as to
why.
Long Quotations
Place direct quotations that are 40 words or longer in a free-
standing block of typewritten lines and omit quotation marks. Start
the quotation on a new line, indented 1/2 inch from the left margin,
i.e., in the same place you would begin a new paragraph. Type the
entire quotation on the new margin, and indent the first line of any
subsequent paragraph within the quotation 1/2 inch from the new
margin. Maintain double-spacing throughout, but do not add an
extra blank line before or after it. The parenthetical citation should
come after the closing punctuation mark.
Long Quotations
Quotations from Sources without Pages
Direct quotations from sources that do not contain pages should not
reference a page number. Instead, you may reference another logical
identifying element: a paragraph, a chapter number, a section
number, a table number, or something else.
Examples:
Jones (1998) found a variety of causes for student dissatisfaction
with prevailing citation practices (paras. 4–5).
A meta-analysis of available literature (Jones, 1998) revealed
inconsistency across large-scale studies of student learning (Table 3).
QUIZ

Multiple Choice
Directions: Read the item comprehensively.
Choose the letter of your answer.
1. These are references within 2. If there are 3 or more
the main body of the text, authors in a research, how do you cite
specifically in RRL. them?
A. Summary A. Robinson et al., 2010
B. Bibliography B. Soriano, etc.
C. References C. Soriano, NB.
D. In-text Citation D. Robinson & et al.
(2020)
3. For an in-text citation for a source with no identified
author, your in-text citation will include

A. The month and year

B. Title of the article and year
C. Title of article
D. Year of publication
4. A type of quotation where only a part of the author’s
sentence, the whole sentence, or several sentences, are
quoted or in writing.
A. Short direct quotation
B. Long direct quotation
5. When citing a corporate author in another paragraph,
use the ____________only.

A. Initialism
B. Acronym
C. Abbreviation
D. Short-term
6. Intellectual property refers to

A. a piece of land
B. owning your clothes
C. the ownership of an idea or design by the person who
created it
D. citation
7. One purpose of citing a source is to ___________.

A. Show readers where your information came from

B. To stress out students :/
C. To add length to a paper
D. To prove information in the paper is true
8. Which citation is correct?

A. According to Jones (1998, p. 199), "students

often had difficulty using APA style,
especially when it was their first time”
B. According to Jones (1998), "students often
had difficulty using APA style, especially
when it was their first time" (p. 199).
9. Which citation is correct?

A. (Jones, 2020, pp. 199-200)

B. (Jones, 2020, p. 199-200)
10. What is this symbol (&) called?
A. Hyphen
B. Et alii
C. Ampersand
D. Et cetera