PRESENTED BY:

LAURENCE CABATAN
MARVIN TARA
 -LOCATION
-POPULATION
-CLIMATE
-TOPOGRAPHY
-CULTURE

-MODERNISM
-AIMS
-COSTA’S NOTES
-SECTOR FUNCTIONS
-ACCESSIBILTY
-COSTA’S CONLUSION
  INTRODUCTION

🖝 Brasília is the federal capital of Brazil.

🖝Brasilia, the planned city of Brazil.
🖝It has a population of 2,562,963),making it the fourth largest city in Brazil.
🖝It is the third capital of Brazil
-Salvador(1549-1763).
-Rio de Janeiro(1763-1960)

🖝Brasília is the largest city in the world that did

not exist at the beginning of the 20th century.
🖝The city was planned & developed in
1956. with LUCIO COSTA-- principal urban
planner and OSCAR NIEMEYER --principal
architect.
🖝In 1960 it formally became Brazil’s capital.
🖝City’s shape resembles an airplane or a
bird.
🖝It is listed as world heritage site by
UNESCO
 LOCATION

http://www.aboutbrasilia.com/maps/satellite-cities.html
 LOCATION

🖝Brasilia(CITY)- Goias(STATE)-
Brazil(COUNTRY)
N
🖝Federal District
central part of Brazil-divided into
29
regions
🖝Preto River = East
🖝Descoberto River = West
http://www.brasiliabsb.com/bsb_aug2.htm
 SIZE:-
2245 sq. mile (5814 sq.m )

 PROJECT:-
•1956 LUCIO COSTA brazilian urban planner wins competition
•Major government buildings designed by architect OSCAR
NIEMEYER.
•Landscape and layout planned by designer ROBERTO
BURLE.

 DATES:-
•1956—1961, Inaugurated on 21st April 1960.
•1987 UNESCO declares Brasilia part of the World
heritage.

 POPULATION:-
•Planned for only 50,000 inhabitants,due to massive population
  PURPOSE OF BRASILIA

🖝FOR NEW DEVLOPMENT.

🖝TO RELIEVE THE PRESSURE OF OVERPOPULATION FROM THE

OLD CAPITAL RIO DE JANEIRO.

🖝TO CREATE A RENEWED SENSE OF NATIONAL PRIDE. A

COMPLETELY MODERN 21ST CENTURY CITY.

 CLIMATE
Dry and Humid Season
🖝The average temperature is 20.5 °c
🖝Highest average maximum
temperature, 28 °c (82 °f).

http://www.slideshare.net/ivanleung/presentation-brasilia
  HISTORY
🖝From 1763 to 1960, Rio de Janeiro was the capital of Brazil.

🖝At this time, resources tended to be centered in Brazil's south

east region near Rio de Janeiro. But geographically Brasilia is in
central location.

🖝Dating back to 1891 stated that the capital should be moved

from Rio de Janeiro to a place close to the centre of the country.

🖝plan was originally conceived in 1827 by JoséBonifácio, an

advisor to Emperor Pedro I. He presented a plan to the General
Assembly of Brazil for a new city called Brasília with the idea of
moving the capital westward from the heavily populated south
eastern corridor. The bill was not enacted because Pedro I
dissolved the Assembly.
  HISTORY
🖝JuscelinoKubitschek , President of Brazil from 1956 to
1961, ordered the construction of Brasília.

🖝Lúcio Costa won a contest and was the main urban planner in
1957, with 5550 people competing. Oscar Niemeyer, a close
friend, was the chief architect of most public buildings
and Roberto Brule Marx was the landscape designer.

🖝Brasília was built in 41 months, from 1956 to April

21, 1960, when it was officially inaugurated.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bras%C3%ADlia
 CULTURE
•Diverse Culture: Portuguese , Africans, Italian, German,
Other
European, Japanese, Amerindian.

•Architecture : Cubist ideas , abstract

forms, baroque, colonial, modern, combination of skills rather
than one.
•Portuguese legacy: language , religion and law.
http://www.brasiliabsb.com/bsb_aug2.htm

 COMPETITION

NOVACAP- (Nova Capital–New Capital Urbanization Agency)

-Headed by architect Oscar Niemeyer.

-Company to urbanize the new capital.
-Series of competitions between architects and urban planners.
1stPlace-LucioCosta 2ndPlace-BoruchMilman, JoãoHenriqueRocha and
NeyFontes Gonçalves

3rdplace-RinoLevi, RobertoCerqueiraCesar and 4th place

L. R.CarvalhoFranco -M.M. M. Roberto Arquitects

http://www.infobrasilia.com.br/bsb_h1i.htm
  PLANO PILATO- BEST BY LUCIO COSTA

2010 Google Map Data; 2010 Map

 LUCIO COSTA
🖝 a modernist architect and student of
famous modernist Le Corbusier
🖝responsible for the layout
🖝 utopian city

AIMS of Plano Piloto-

🖝Ideal city, ideal society
🖝Symbol of Brazilian greatness
🖝Lead to the development of the central region
of Brazil
🖝Become the new centre of Brazil

http://www.scribd.com/doc/47961918/Arch162-RevisedBrasilia
 PLANNING CONCEPT

🖝When seen from above, the city’s pilot plan (―Plano Piloto‖)
resembles the shape of an airplane Others see it as a bird with
open wings.
🖝(Costa hated all comparisons). His original urban concept pointed to the
shape of a cross, to symbolize possession
  CONCEPT

🖝1-Intended to provide Brasilia with

the diginity of a capital city.

🖝BRASILIA has two axis crossing at

right angle; monumental axis(the
fuselage of the plane) intersecting in
the centre of the city with a residential
axis( the wings of an airplane).

🖝2-to adapt this design to the local

topography, the natural drainage of the
area,
One of the axis war curved in order
to make it fit into equilateral triangle.

http://www.slideshare.net/ivanleung/prese
  COSTA’S NOTES:-

🖝23 NOTES, presents the solution of Plano Pilato

Notes 1-3
–Form:
Two axes crossing (one is curved)--a plane OR bird in flight.
–Adapted:
local topography, natural drainage, best possible orientation.
–Free principles highway engineering:
elimination of intersections, the curved axis.
SECTOR FUNCTIONS
Notes 3-5
– Residential districts
have been placed along the Curved axis
– civic and administrative centre, recreation centre, the municipal
administration facilities, the barracks, the storage and supply zones,
small local industries sites and the Railway station along the monumental
axis
🖝Banking and commercial districts fell alongside the intersection
of monumental and high way-residential.
🖝location of the entertainment centre is along the intersection of the
monument and the back axis.

Primary Roads

Curved Axis
Monumental Axis
Back Axis

http://www.scribd.com/doc/47961918/Arch162-RevisedBrasilia
 HIGHWAYS

EXPRESSWAYS

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bras%C3%ADlia
 TRANSPORTATION

INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT BUSES

METRO

HIGH SPEED RAILS

 SECTOR FUNCTIONS-ZONING

•Residential

•Administrative

•Commercial

•Entertainment

2010 Google Map Data; 2010 Map Link, 2010 Tele

2010 Google Map Data; 2010 Map Link, 2010 Tele Atlas
RESIDENTIAL AREAS
RESIDENTIAL AREAS
CIVIC CENTERS
CIVIC
ADMINISTRATIVE
ADMINISTRATIVE
COMMERCIAL
 BUILDING HIERARCHY

🖝Plaza of Three Powers

House fundamental powers (equilateral triangle):-
Government & Supreme court-base of the triangle
Congress-at the Apex
Church-at the centre given own square.
Monumental Axis:-Government and Municipal
Plaza evident.
http://www.infobrasilia.com.br/pilot_plan.htm
LANDSCAPING
🖝Superblocks: surrounded by bands of greenery planted with trees
🖝Strips of the Districts :Also planted with greenery
🖝Park City: Filled with open areas, such as parks, squares, for
flower and vegetable gardens, orchards, Botanic garden
🖝Cemetaries : end of residential highway axis.

VEHICULAR CIRCULATION
Notes 6-7
🖝 Secondary Roads: controls heavy vehicular traffic
🖝Traffic: controlled by roads that would either go on a
platform, underground, or under the platform.
🖝Clover shaped Turn-offs: circulate in the different districts
without creating an intersection.
PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION
🖝Independent Paths:
local pathway systems were created for each
district (residential, commercial,administrative
districts)
🖝Separated from vehicular circulation.
 COSTA’S CONCLUSION

•Airplane, Monumental Axis

•Four Scales of Design:
–Monumental scale(symbolic)
–Residential scale(comfortable)
–Gregarious scale (social)
–Bucolic scale(park city, rustic)
•Dignity of a capital city:
–Esplanade, where the ministries and public buildings are located
–the bus station, where the two axis cross
–the Cathedral
–the Plaza of Three Powers

•SUPERBLOCKS- uniform height of six stories, no high rises, and vast

motorways
•Ample parking, low population density, open green space for people to enjoy.
COSTA’S CONCLUSION

•SUPERBLOCKS-.
S
U
P
E
R
B
L
O
C
K
S
 TODAY BRASILIA

🖝We can certainly say that Brasilia changed the ways for brazilian
architecture. Niemeyer showed in a couple lines the harmony and beauty
that those buildings would have. And it is interesting that during all these
years, the buildings remain great and admired all over the world. The
modern use of concrete and glass and the sensual shapes of buildings
inspired in women curves are marks of Brasilia's architecture.
🖝
 BRAZILIAS REALITY

–Debt : produced a debt of over 2 billion dollars.

–Culturally Inappropriate: good ideas in theory, but in reality they could never
work; based on European theories.
–Unsocial : Ideal community was not established, no multi-use places (only
home and work), no character.
–City for a car not for a pedestrian

SUCCESSES:
-Symbolic: unified Brazil, source of hope and pride
–Easy to build: sectors
–Establish New Brazil: Location connected the rest of the country
together (central location and superb highway network)
.

http://www.macalester.edu/courses/geog61/jmoersch/pp.html>
 PLANALTO PALACE
In the 1950s, under President Juscelino Kubitschek, the capital of Brazil was moved
from Rio de Janeiro to Brasília. The new capital was inaugurated in 1960, with the
government and legislature moving to their fresh homes, including the new
headquarters of the executive: the Planalto Palace. One of three major government
buildings built around the Square of the Three Powers, the Planalto Palace is
characteristic of Oscar Niemeyer’s work in Brasília.

The vast open spaces and symbolically important buildings encouraged him to design
strikingly theatrical architecture, the simplicity of the shape of which only makes it all
the more memorable. In the Planalto Palace he places all the functions in a
rectangular, glazed box, then raises the box off the ground on a series of balletic
buttress columns that reach in to touch their thin fingers on the lowest floor deck,
before carrying on up to the roof. Niemeyer had a good understanding of engineering,
and elsewhere used it boldly. Here, however, much of the weight is in fact taken by
columns hidden under the body of the building. This pretense of impossible
engineering is beautiful, but it also makes a political point: Niemeyer’s columns refer
to classical architectural tradition, placing Brazil’s government in a long tradition of
European governments, but by using the columns to achieve inconceivable structural
feats he suggests that Brazil is a modern country that will outdo its colonial founders.
http://www.macalester.edu/courses/geog61/jmoersch/pp.html>
 PLANALTO PALACE

http://www.macalester.edu/courses/geog61/jmoersch/pp.html>
 • Cathedral Of Brasilia

• One of the most important buildings of Brasília, the Metropolitan Cathedral is also
one of the most beautiful. Here, Oscar Niemeyer collaborated with Gordon Bunshaft,
the leading designer of a major U.S. commercial practice, to produce a cathedral
worthy of the capital of such a large, self-confident, and Roman Catholic country.
• As with Niemeyer’s other designs for Brasília, the cathedral is remarkably simple. Its
more complex functions are hidden underground. Above ground appear only the 16
buttresses, each sweeping up to the small roof in a graceful parabolic curve. Between
the buttresses is stretched a web of stained glass that, seen from outside by night, or
from the inside by day, presents a vivid expanse of blues and greens.
• The concrete supports are obviously modern, and the circular plan is recognizably of
its period in the Roman Catholic Church’s thinking about worship spaces. There is
also, though, a timeless quality to the cathedral. This comes partly from its abstract
simplicity, but also from the echoes of Gothic cathedrals in the sweeping lines of the
buttresses. This church looks back to the medieval tradition of daring church
engineering and forward to the advanced engineering of its own period. (It was
completed in 1970.) From outside, the strong shape is a memorable image. Inside,
you are moved by the building’s spacious grandeur and by the extraordinary great
window of stained glass stretched over the entire area like the canvas of a tent.
(Barnabas Calder)
http://www.macalester.edu/courses/geog61/jmoersch/pp.html>
 Cathedral Of Brasilia
http://www.macalester.edu/courses/geog61/jmoersch/pp.html>
 THE METROPOLITAN CATHEDRAL OF RIO DE
JANEIRO
The Metropolitan Cathedral of São Sebastião of Rio de
Janeiro stands out amongst the buildings Downtown. Its
unique architecture attracts the attention of everyone who
passes by and surprises those who visit it! Its appearance
and history are very unusual and make it one of the most
curious sights in the marvellous city!

http://www.macalester.edu/courses/geog61/jmoersch/pp.html>
 THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE METROPOLITAN CATHEDRAL
The Cathedral was idealized by Cardinal Câmara and his private
secretary, and future executor of the works, Monsignor Ivo Antônio
Calliari. The architect was Edgar de Oliveira da Fonseca, the
engineer Newton Sotto Maior and the master builder Joaquim
Corrêa.

The Metropolitan Cathedral is 75 meters high and 64 meters high, 106 meters of external
diameter and 96 meters of internal diameter. Four stained glass windows are distributed along
its diameter, each measuring 64.50 x 17.80 x 9.60 meters. The Cathedral also has an area of ​
8,000 m², with capacity for 20,000 people standing or 5,000 seated!
The Cathedral Crypt is in the basement, under the main altar. The Archdiocesan Archive is also
in the basement, containing a rich collection of documents. Such documents trace a social,
political and religious profile of the city since when the church was still responsible for different
areas of the population’s life.

http://www.macalester.edu/courses/geog61/jmoersch/pp.html>
 SYMBOLISM
Anyone who sees the Metropolitan
Cathedral from the outside, usually
does not identify it as a Catholic
church mainly because you can’t
see one of the most traditional
characteristics of Catholic buildings:
the cross at the top. However, just
like all Catholic churches, the
Metropolitan Cathedral of Rio de
Janeiro also has the cross as its
ultimate symbol.
As soon as we enter the Cathedral
we notice a huge Greek cross at
the top, located in the center of a
circle 30 meters in circumference.
The cross, made of transparent
material, illuminated by the natural
light that spreads through it,
represents the presence of Christ
amongst men.

http://www.macalester.edu/courses/geog61/jmoersch/pp.html>
 THE STAINED GLASSES
One, in green, represents the
elements of unity of the church. In
the stained glass window, we see
the shepherd and his sheep, the
Bible and the papal tiara,
representing a government, and
the chalice representing a cult.
Holy, in red, concerns two qualities
of the Church: it is sanctified and
sanctifying. Its stained glass
illustrates a group of saints, the
crown of thorns and the tongues of
fire of the holy spirit.

http://www.macalester.edu/courses/geog61/jmoersch/pp.html>
http://www.macalester.edu/courses/geog61/jmoersch/pp.html>
 BIBLOGRAPHY
http://www.aboutbrasilia.com/facts/history.php

http://www.aboutbrasilia.com/maps/

http://designkultur.wordpress.com/2010/01/18/urban-planning-brasilia-
quickfacts/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brasília

http://www.slideshare.net/ivanleung/presentation-brasilia

http://www.scribd.com/doc/14043752/Bras-Ilia

http://www.scribd.com/doc/47961918/Arch
162-RevisedBrasilia