This document discusses different textual aids that can help readers understand difficult texts. It describes 7 types of graphic organizers that activate background knowledge and facilitate understanding: 1) concept maps, 2) flow diagrams, 3) Venn diagrams, 4) cause-and-effect diagrams, 5) main idea and details charts, 6) T-charts, and 7) KWL charts. Additionally, it mentions titles, bold and italicized text, and pie charts and bar graphs as other aids that draw attention to important details or show relationships between concepts.
This document discusses different textual aids that can help readers understand difficult texts. It describes 7 types of graphic organizers that activate background knowledge and facilitate understanding: 1) concept maps, 2) flow diagrams, 3) Venn diagrams, 4) cause-and-effect diagrams, 5) main idea and details charts, 6) T-charts, and 7) KWL charts. Additionally, it mentions titles, bold and italicized text, and pie charts and bar graphs as other aids that draw attention to important details or show relationships between concepts.
This document discusses different textual aids that can help readers understand difficult texts. It describes 7 types of graphic organizers that activate background knowledge and facilitate understanding: 1) concept maps, 2) flow diagrams, 3) Venn diagrams, 4) cause-and-effect diagrams, 5) main idea and details charts, 6) T-charts, and 7) KWL charts. Additionally, it mentions titles, bold and italicized text, and pie charts and bar graphs as other aids that draw attention to important details or show relationships between concepts.
understand a difficult text better. As you are now in Grade 10, you are expected to have developed a deeper appreciation for textual aids. It is easier to understand a highly technical text by picking up key information and using them. Textual aids •are educational instruments or tools that provide support and facilitate understanding of texts. •They activate background knowledge, especially before reading a selection, article, or any text. Different Textual Aids to Help You Understand What You Read Title •A title when effective, activates background knowledge on what you are about to read. It also gives you an idea of what the text is all about. Examples: •Death of a Salesman •Romeo and Juliet •Sorry, Wrong Number Bold and Italicized Words Some words are highlighted in the text to draw your attention to important details. Examples: • The correct answer is D. • Justin courted her for seven long years. Bold text is used to capture a reader’s attention. When you italicize a word, it gets noticed.
• She was the only girl who made it to the
Top 10 of the Math Olympiad. • I have read the Guimarasnon Chronicles. Advanced/Graphic Organizers
•These are tools that use visual
symbols to express knowledge and concepts through relationships between them. 1. Concept Map
A concept map is a general organizer that
shows a central idea with its corresponding characteristics. Concept maps can take many different shapes and can be used to show any type of relationship that can be labeled. Maps are excellent for brainstorming, activating prior knowledge, or generating synonyms. 2.Flow Diagram or Sequence Chart • A flow diagram or sequence chart shows a series of steps or events in the order in which they take place. Any concept that has a distinct order can be displayed in this type of organizer. It is an excellent tool for teaching students – the steps necessary to reach a final point. • The following examples illustrate the many uses of flow diagrams or sequence charts: In reading, sequence charts can be used to outline the key events in a story or chapter. In Science, they can serve as the procedures section in the scientific process. In history, they can be created as a timeline. 3.Compare and Contrast/ Venn Diagram
A compare and contrast or Venn diagram is used to identify the similarities and differences between two or more concepts. The most commonly used organizer, this instructional tool is found in textbooks, on standardized tests, and in teacher resource materials. 4.Cause-and-Effect Diagram
• A cause-and-effect diagram highlights the
direct relationship between different events or concepts. This tool is one of the most beneficial organizers because of its many applications in all subject areas. For example, this diagram might be used to analyze characters and events in reading, to discuss major events in social studies, or to study the impact of a science experiment. 5. Main Idea and Details Chart • A main idea and details chart shows the hierarchical relationship between major concepts and their subordinate elements. This organizer is extremely beneficial in helping students distinguish central ideas and their corresponding details from less important information. When using this type of graphic organizer, clearly label the main idea and the details as such. Use a different shape or area for the main idea and the details. 6.T Charts • T charts allow students to study two facets of a topic. For example, disadvantages and advantages, pros and cons, differences and similarities, etc. 7. KWL Chart
• KWL chart is used for gathering
information from student’s prior knowledge or experience. This 3 column chart captures the before (what the reader already knows), during (what the reader wants to learn) and after (what the reader learned) stages of reading. Non-linear illustrations •These follow a non-sequential reading path, any text that is not read from beginning to the end falls into the category. 1. Pie Chart • It is a circular chart cut into parts to show magnitudes or frequencies. 2. Bar graph • A bar graph is a graphical display of data using bars of different heights. Thank you!