Cardiovascular System

• Cardio –refers to the

heart and
• Vascular – refers t a
channel or vessel through
which blood flows
Function
• Transport materials needed
by cells
– Oxygen
– Glucose and other nutrients
• Remove waste materials from
cells
– Carbon dioxide
– urea
The 3 main parts of the
Circulatory system

• The Heart

• The Blood Vessels

• Blood
 Parts of The Heart
 Pericardium
-a thin
membrane(sa
c) that
enclose the
heart
 Parts of The Heart
 Atria (Auricle)
-Receiving Chambers
 Ventricles
-Pumping Chambers
 Valves
-Controls Flow
 Septum
-Divides the Heart
 Function of the Heart
 The heart is
the pump that
enables blood
to circulate
around the
body.
Function
 Passage of
blood
around the
body
 Types of Blood Vessels
•Arteries
Carry blood
away from the
Heart
The Aorta is
the largest
artery
Structure of an ARTERY

the elastic fibers allow

the artery to stretch
under pressure

thick muscle and the thick muscle can

elastic fibres contract to push the
blood along.
 Types of Blood Vessels
Veins
 Carry blood away
from the Heart
 Veins contain
valves
 The Vena Cava
is the largest vein
Structure of the VEIN
veins have valves
which act to stop the
blood from going in
the wrong direction.

thin muscle and body muscles surround the veins

elastic fibres so that when they contract to
move the body, they also squeeze
the veins and push the blood
along the vessel.
 Types of Blood Vessels
Capillaries
 Known as the
“Distribution Pipes”
 Actual distribution
of gasses and
nutrients happen
Structure of the CAPILLARY
they exchange materials
between the blood and
other body cells

the wall of a capillary

is only one cell thick The exchange of materials
between the blood and the
body can only occur
through capillaries.
Function
1. Transports nutrients
and oxygen to all
body cells and takes
away their products
2. Protects the body
from germs that
cause diseases
 Function
3. Helps with
communication by
delivering hormones
to the parts of the
body where these are
needed
4. Controls body
temperature by
moving to or far
away from the skin
The Composition of Blood
• The Plasma (Fluid) Blood Composition
makes up 55% of
60
the blood volume.
50

40
• The Solids (Cells) 30
make up 45% of the
20
blood volume.
10

Plasma Solids
Blood Plasma

• 97% Water
• Other 3%
Antibodies and
Proteins
Nutrients and Wastes
Blood Solids
• Red Blood Cells
-Carry oxygen
-Contain Hemoglobin
• White Blood Cells
-Attack bacteria & other invaders
• Platelets
-Control the blood clotting process
 Blood Solids
Red Blood
Cells (RBC)
Carry
oxygen
Erythrocytes
 Blood Solids
Red Blood
Cells
Contain
Hemoglobin
Are formed in
the bone
marrow
 Blood Solids
White Blood
Cells (WBC)
Fight germs
Leukocytes
Bigger than
RBC and fewer
in numbers
 Blood Solids
White Blood
Cells (WBC)
Also formed in
bone marrow
 Blood Solids
Platelets
Also formed in
bone marrow
Fragments of cells
Aid in Blood
Clotting
Thrombocytes
 The Blood
red blood cell white blood cell

plasma
platelets