Local History of

Curriculum Reform

Pn Marlina Ali
School of Education,
Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities,
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
p-marlina@utm.my
1955-1982 KLSR/KLSM

1983-1992 NEW CURRICULUM FOR PRIMARY SCHOOL

INTEGRATED CURRICULUM INTEGRATED CURRICULUM

1993-2002
FOR PRIMARY SCHOOL FOR SECONDARY SCHOOL

1993-2002 REVISED CURRICULUM FOR PRIMARY &

SECONDARY SCHOOL

2003-2010 CURRICULUM REVIEW

KURIKULUM STANDARD
2011-2016
SEKOLAH RENDAH (KSSR)

2017-now KURIKULUM STANDARD

KSSR REVISED
SEKOLAH MENENGAH (KSSM)
 Primary School
Basic Science (1931)
Brief history of Science Science became compulsory subject (1965)
in Primary school Kurikulum Baru Sekolah Rendah (1983) was introduced.
Science content was integrated in Environmental Studies (Alam
dan manusia)
Kurikulum Bersepadu Sekolah Rendah was introduced (1993).
Environmental Studies subject was divided into two subject
which were Science and Local Studies (Kajian Tempatan).
Curriculum was revised 2003-Science is teaching in English
language. Start with Year 1 and Year 4.
KSSR was introduced on 2011-The process of doing a holistic
change to existing school curriculum which involves
organisation, content, pedagogy, time allocation, methods of
assessment, materials and curriculum management in schools.
KSSR was revised on 2017
dissatisfaction with the old
primary curriculum (KLSR)

• too subject content-

biased KBSR was revised in 2003
because of policy of
• emphasize too much rote- teaching Science and
learning Mathematics in English
• to be too examination- (PPSMI)
oriented and excessively
dependent on textbooks KBSR was fully achieved
(Lee, 1993a)
Video Penerangan KSSR
• https://youtu.be/Ex1ve5A9o9o
KSSR vs Revised KSSR
What is the similarity and difference
between KSSR and Revised KSSR?
 PERKEMBANGAN KURIKULUM SEKOLAH MENENGAH

• Kurikulum
Standard
Sekolah
Menengah
(KSSM)
• Kurikulum • KBSM
Bersepadu (Semakan) 2017
Sekolah
Menengah 2003
• (KBSM)
1989
Lower secondary school (Form1-3) Upper secondary school (Form 4-5)
General Science curriculum (1945) Nuffield “O” levels Pure Science Syllabi were adopted for the Science
Stream of upper secondary school and renamed Modern Biology,
Modern Chemistry and Modern Physics (1972).
1956: Unified (Razak Report); Science became compulsory subject The Nuffield Secondary School Science Curriculum was adopted for the
Arts Stream of upper secondary schools and renamed Modern General
Scottish Integrated Science Syllabus (1969) Science (1974).
KBSM (1989)- Science continues to be offered as a core subject to KBSM-Science was offered as five elective subject for form 4 and form 5
all students which are Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Science and additional science
1999: PEKA Introduced, 2002: PEKA Abolished, 2003: PEKA Introduced again
Science in English language (2003)-Form 1, Form 4 and Form 6-PPSMI
2012-PPSMI abolished and replaced by MBMMBI - Upholding Bahasa Malaysia and Strengthening English” (MBMMBI) policy
Dual Language Programme (DLP) allows schools to choose if they want English to be used as the medium for teaching and learning
mathematics and science
Malaysia Education Blueprint-2013-2025, KSSM introduced
2017 Science and Mathematics PT3 (Pentaksiran Ting 3) prepared
by exam syndicate, managed by schools
Science & Math can be taught in English under Dual Language Program (DLP)(201)
Empowering STEM (2018)
Arts and science streams abolished (2020)
 Why PPSMI failed?

• Lack of English proficiency among students.

This could be due to the medium of
communication at home or the lack of
desire to be fluent in English.
• During PPSMI was implemented (2003), the
TIMSS shows that average score of Malaysia
students is below than the score before it
was introduced.
• Low English proficiency of teachers.
• https://www.thestar.com.my/news/natio
n/2019/11/27/science-or-arts-new-syste
m-ends-debate
Malaysia Education
Blueprint 2013-2025

• https://youtu.be/hN2Hz3qzqoQ
https://www.padu.edu.my/about-t
he-blueprint/#system
6 students aspiration
Stakeholders