INSURGENCIES

SYRIA YEMEN

2CL AQUINO, ND 2CL ABULENCIA, SJV 2CL CABAUATAN, JB 2CL TABOY, JADV 2CL LAGRAMA, JC 2CL
PEPITO, JK
 Country Background
Official name: Syrian Arab Republic

Population: 20,384,316

Area: 187,437 sq km

Capital city: Damascus

Major languages: Arabic, Kurdish, Armenian,

Aramaic, Circassian, French, English

Major religions: Muslim 87%, Christian 10%,

Druze 3%

Time zone: UTC+2 (Eastern European Time)

– Source: CIA World Fact Book
 Country Background

Official name: Republic of Yemen

Capital city: Sana’a

Population: 29,884,405 

Area: 527,968 sq km

Major languages: Arabic

Time zone: UTC+3 (Arabia Standard Time)

– Source: CIA World Fact Book
 Part of The Broader
Conflict in the Middle East

• Syria and Yemen were originally under a dictator rulers that seized
power after the decolonization of Middle East after World War II.
• Both Syria and Yemen like most Arab states were divided under two
Muslim ethnic group: Shia and Sunni.
• Shia – the second largest denomination of Islam which is a radical
type of Islam. Believes in the existence of caliphate.
• Sunni – the largest denomination of Islam which is a conservative
type of Islam. Tends to be more secular.
SUNNI & SHIA RIFT IN RELATION TO IDEOLOGICAL
SPECTRUM
LEFT WING (PROGRESSIVISM) RIGHT WING (CONSERVATISM)

SECULARISM SOFT SHARIA SHARIA LAW THEOCRACY

LAW IMPLEMENTATI
IMPLEMENTATI ON
DEMOCRAC WOMEN ON WOMEN DENIED CALIPHATES
Y GRANTED FRAGMATISM OF BASIC
BASIC RIGHTS RIGHTS

SUNN EXTREMISM
EXTREMISM SHIA • JIHADISTS
I
 Motivations of Enduring
Insurgency in Syria and
Motivation Yemen Explanation
Initial Motivation
• Issues of Justice
• Unmet Human Needs
• Rights (Violation of Basic Human Rights)
Ongoing Motivation
• Identity Issues
• Moral Conflicts
This occurs during the height of Arab Spring on 2011 where
most Arab Countries descended into unprecedented civil
unrest. Protesters demand the improvement in government
systems in addressing public needs and most Arab Regimes
responded by using violence to stop the ongoing unrest.
After Syria and Yemen descended into civil wars, people
divided themselves into factions aiming to seize power over
the others. Mostly between Shia (Majority of the population)
and Sunni (Radical Muslims E.G. : Hezbollah, Al Qaeda and
ISIS) participated in a long protracted conflict backed by
powerful countries in the region.
 Root Cause Analysis of
Insurgency in Syria and
Yemen
• Why is there insurgency in Syria & Yemen?
• Deprivation of Justice, Basic Support form Government and Violation
1st Why of Human Rights that led to Civil Unrest

• Why is there deprivation of Justice, Basic Support form Government and

Violation of Human Rights?
2nd Why • Government oppressing minorities mostly Shia Muslims

• Why is government oppressing minorities?

• Sectarian Violence between Shia Muslims and Sunni wherein both
3rd Why sides oppressing each other who ever controls the government
 Root Cause Analysis of
Insurgency in Syria and
Yemen
• Why is there sectarian violence between Islamic factions?
• Sunni is more sectarian wherein people believes in the separation of the state
and the church. Wherein Shia has more radical interpretation and pushes for
4th Why Islamic Caliphates.

• Why Shia has more radical interpretation and pushes for Islamic Caliphates?
• Shia believes that Shariah Law must be the basis of State Constitutions which
often used in the creation of Islamic Extremist Groups that pushes radical
5th Why changes in the system. (E.G. : Jihadist, Al-Qaeda, ISIS and Taliban)
 REFERENCES

• GotQuestions.org. (2019, June 12). What is Shia Islam . Retrieved August 16, 2022, from
https://www.gotquestions.org/Shia-Islam.html
• GotQuestions.org. (2019, June 12). What is Sunni Islam. GotQuestions.org. Retrieved August 16, 2022, from
https://www.gotquestions.org/Sunni-Islam.html
• Vox. (2017, April 17). Syria’s war: Who is fighting and why. Youtube. Retrieved August 16, 2022, from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JFpanWNgfQY
• Vox. (2017b, July 17). he Middle East’s cold war, explained [Video]. Youtube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=veMFCFyOwFI&t=378s
• Slide Serve. (2014, July 14). Difference between Sunni vs Shia [Photograph]. Middle East and North Africa.
https://www.slideserve.com/isleen/the-middle-east-and-north-africa
• u/lessobvious. (2014). Sunni and Shiite. Mapporn Reddit. Retrieved August 16, 2022, from
https://www.reddit.com/r/MapPorn/comments/5v5zrr/sunni_and_shiite_2016_1492_1200/
QUESTIONS
?