Technological University of the Philippines

STATIC OF RIGID
BODIES
CHAPTER 5

CENTROID AND MOMENT

OF INERTIA
CENTROID
INTRODUCTION
(CENTRIOD AND CENTER OF GRAVITY)

 The centroid of an area is analogous to the center of gravity of a body. The concept of the first
moment of an area is used to locate the centroid.

 Determination of the area of a surface of revolution and the volume of a body of revolution are
accomplished with the Theorems of Pappus - Guldinus.

 The earth exerts a gravitational force on each of the particles forming a body. These forces can be
replaced by a single equivalent force equal to the weight of the body and applied at the center of
gravity for the body.
CENTROID V.S CENTER OF GRAVITY
(DIFFERENCE)

  CENTROID - It is defined as a point

about which the entire line, area or volume
is assumed to be concentrated.
- Mostly applicable for two
dimensional problems

  CENTER OF GRAVITY - It is defined

as a point about which the entire weight of
the body is assumed to be concentrated.
- Also known as center of
mass
- Mostly applicable for three
dimensional problems
CENTROID
(FORMULAS)
1. LINE 𝐿1 𝑥 1+ 𝐿2 𝑥 2 + 𝐿3 𝑥 3 … … … 𝐿𝑛 𝑥 𝑛
𝑥𝑐 =
𝐿𝑇
𝐿1 𝑦 1 + 𝐿2 𝑦 2+ 𝐿3 𝑦 3 … … … 𝐿𝑛 𝑦 𝑛
𝑦𝑐 =
𝑤𝐿h𝑇𝑒𝑟𝑒 : 𝐿 =𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡h
𝑇
𝑥𝑛 ∧𝑦 𝑛=𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑖 𝑛𝑡
2. AREA 𝑛=𝑛𝑜. 𝑡𝑜𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑
𝐴 1 𝑥 1+ 𝐴2 𝑥2 + 𝐴3 𝑥 3 … … … 𝐴 𝑛 𝑥𝑛 CENTROID OF LINE
𝑥𝑐 =
𝐴𝑇
CENTROID OF AREA
𝐴1 𝑦 1 + 𝐴2 𝑦 2+ 𝐴3 𝑦 3 … … … 𝐴𝑛 𝑦 𝑛
𝑦𝑐 =
𝐴𝑇
𝑤h𝑒𝑟𝑒 : 𝐴 𝑇 =𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎
𝑥𝑛 ∧𝑦 𝑛=𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑖 𝑛𝑡
2.1 CENTROID OF COMMON AREAS
𝑛=𝑛𝑜.𝑡𝑜𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑
1 1
𝐴. 𝑅𝐸𝐶𝑇𝐴𝑁𝐺𝐿𝐸 : 𝑦 𝑐 = h 𝐵 .𝑇𝑅𝐼𝐴𝑁𝐺𝐿𝐸 : 𝑦 𝑐 = h
2 3
4𝑟
𝐶 . 𝑆𝐸𝑀𝐼 − 𝑆𝑃𝐻𝐸𝑅𝐸 : 𝑦 𝑐 =
3𝜋
CENTROID CENTROID OF VOLUME

(FORMULAS)
3. VOLUME
𝑉 1 𝑥 1+ 𝑉 2 𝑥2 +𝑉 3 𝑥 3 … … … 𝑉 𝑛 𝑥𝑛
𝑥𝑐 =
𝑉𝑇
𝑉 1 𝑦 1 +𝑉 2 𝑦 2+𝑉 3 𝑦 3 … … … 𝑉 𝑛 𝑦 𝑛
𝑦𝑐 =
𝑉𝑇
𝑤h𝑒𝑟𝑒 : 𝑉 𝑇 =𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
𝑥𝑛 ∧𝑦 𝑛=𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑖 𝑛𝑡
𝑛=𝑛𝑜. 𝑡𝑜 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑
MOMENT
OF
INERTIA
MOMENT OF INERTIA
(DEFINITION)
Moment (or torque) – is the cross product of force and the
perpendicular distance to which force is applied.

Inertia – is the tendency of an object to remain at rest when it

is at rest.

Moment of Inertia – the natural tendency of the body to rotate

or tend to rotate due to the distribution of area, volume or
mass elements of the body (A.K.A the second moment).

Examples of moment of inertia in real life: When you are

sitting in your vehicles you feel a sudden slip towards the back
when the vehicle accelerates in front because the body was in a
static position while the vehicle started moving forward.
MOMENT OF INERTIA
(FORMULAS)
For common areas :
1. TRIANGLE
𝑏 h3 1
𝐼 𝑥= (𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒) 𝑦𝑐 = h
3
12
𝑏 h3
𝐼 𝑥𝑜 = (𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑖𝑡𝑠𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 )
36

2. RECTANGLE

𝑏 h3 1
𝐼 𝑥= (𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒) 𝑦𝑐 = h
3 2

𝑏 h3
𝐼 𝑥𝑜 = (𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑖𝑡𝑠𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 )
12
MOMENT OF INERTIA
(FORMULAS)
For common areas :
3. CIRCLE
𝜋 𝑑4
𝐼 𝑥𝑜 = (𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 )
64
𝜋 𝑟4
𝐼 𝑥𝑜 = (𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 )
4
4. ELLIPSE
𝜋 𝑎 𝑏3 𝜋 𝑎3 𝑏
𝐼 𝑥= 𝐼𝑦=
4 4
FOR TRANSFER AXIS MOMENT FORMULA
𝐼 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙= 𝐼 + 𝐴 𝑑 2
𝑤h𝑒𝑟𝑒: 𝐼=𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎 𝑡𝑜𝑏𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟
𝐴=𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑏𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟
𝑑=𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑖𝑑
SAMPLE PROBLEM
(APPLICATION)
1. Determine the moment of inertia of a triangle about its base, when the
altitude is 10 cm and has a base of 3.7 cm and for centroid about y-axis.
1
Solution : (for moment of inertia) 𝑇𝑅𝐼𝐴𝑁𝐺𝐿𝐸 : 𝑦 𝑐 = h
3
𝑏 h3
𝐼 𝑥= (𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒) 1
12 𝑦 𝑐 = (10 𝑐𝑚)
3
3
3.7 𝑐𝑚 ( 10 𝑐𝑚 )
𝐼 𝑥= 𝒚 𝒄 =𝟑.𝟑𝟑 𝒄𝒎
12

𝑰 𝒙 =𝟑𝟎𝟖. 𝟑𝟑 𝒄 𝒎𝟒
END THANK YOU!