The Contemporary World

History of Global Politics:

Creating an International Order
 What to Learn
• Identify key events in the • Distinguish between the
Development of competing conceptions
International Relations
of Internationalism
• Differentiate
Internationalization from • Discuss the Historical
Globalization Evolution of
International Politics
• Define the STATE and the
NATION
 WORLD POLITICS OF TODAY

• Key Attributes
– Countries and
States are
independent and
govern themselves.

– Countries interact
with each other
through diplomacy.
WORLD POLITICS OF TODAY

• Key Attributes
– International
Organizations
facilitate these
interactions.

– International
organizations also
take on lives of their
own (WHO, ILO)
ORIGIN
• NATION-STATE
CONCEPT
– Relatively modern
phenomenon of human
history.
– Two Non-
interchangeable terms:
• Not all states are
nations
• Not all nations are
states
 Difference between
Nation and State
NATION
• “Imagined Community”
(Benedict Anderson)
• Limited because it does not go
beyond a given “official
boundary”.
• Rights and Responsibilities are
mainly the privilege and concern
of the citizens of that nation.
• Has its boundaries
– Ex. Anyone can become Catholic if
one chooses to.
STATE
• Refer to a country and its
government.
• Has four attributes:
– Exercise authority over a
specific population (Citizen)
– Specific Territory
– Structure of Government that
crafts various rules that the
society follows.
– Sovereignty over its territory
• Internal and External authority
 CLOSE RELATIONS OF NATION AND
STATE

• NATIONALISM facilitates state formation

– In the modern and contemporary era, Nationalist movements allowed the
creation of nation-states
– States become independent and sovereign because of nationalist sentiment
that clamors for this independence.
 SOVEREIGNTY
• Fundamental principles
of modern state politics.
– INTERSTATE SYSTEM Ano Daw?

– INTERNATIONALISM
 HISTORY OF INTERSTATE SYSTEM

TREATY OF WESTPHALIA (1648)

• Origin of the present day concept of Sovereignty.
• This ends the “Thirty Years War”
• Exercise complete control over their domestic Affairs and swear not to
meddle in each other’s affairs
 HISTORY OF INTERSTATE SYSTEM

NAPOLEONIC WARS
(1803 - 1815)
– Implemented the
“Napoleonic Code”
– Spreading the principles
of the French
Revolution (Liberty,
Equality and Fraternity)
– Defeated in the Battle
of Waterloo by the
Prussians and Anglo.
HISTORY OF INTERSTATE SYSTEM

Restore the world of

CONCERT OF EUROPE
Monarchial,
hereditary and
religious privilege

Alliance of “GREAT
POWERS”
• UK
• Austria
• Russia
• Prussia
INTERNATIONALISM
• A system of heightened
interaction between various
sovereign states; desire for
greater cooperation and unity
among states and peoples.
• Two forms:
– Liberal (Immanuel Kant,
Guiseppe Mazzini)
– Socialist (Karl Marx, Friedrich
Engels,Vlademir Lenin,
Joseph Stalin)
 SUMMARY

• INTERNATIONALISM is but one window into the broader

phenomenon of globalization. It is also a very crucial aspect of
globalization since global interactions are heightened by the
increase interdependence of states.

• International Relations are facilitated by International

Organizations that promotes global norms and policies. (UNITED
NATIONS)
REFERENCE